日治時期藝術社交網絡的建構——以雕塑家黃土水爲例

The Establishment of Artificial Social Network in Japan Occupation Period–A Case Study of the Sculptor Huang Tu-Shui

黃土水自幼家境清貧，接受日本殖民教育的洗禮後，進入國語學校就讀，並受到臺灣總督府官員提拔，以公費資格遠赴東京美術學校研修雕刻。黃土水創作的作品榮獲日本帝國展覽會的肯定，成爲臺灣首位入選帝展的藝術家。這份殊榮除了黃土水自身的努力之外，日治時期的政治及教育制度成就其非凡的人生際遇。黃土水除了創作帝展作品，接受日本皇室訂製的藝品外，他也把藝術的觸角延伸到民間，接受日臺士紳肖像及裝置藝品的訂製，走向多元化的大眾藝術。然而，黃土水自言無暇與人交往，是怪人一個。若黃土水不擅交際，何來的資金挹注，讓其能繼續創作呢？在《臺灣日日新報》中的記載，顯示黃土水曾出席多場公開的社交活動，進一步建立自己的社交人際網絡，並與臺灣總督府官員、日臺的紳商，以及文人雅士多有往來。從1927年開始，《臺灣日日新報》以專文介紹，並且協助販售黃土水的藝品，成爲藝術商品化的開端。傳統和現代的過渡不僅反映在黃土水的作品上，對其人際網絡的建立及藝術創作的發展都產生極大的影響。藉由社會史的角度去重新檢視黃土水，對日治時期臺灣文化發展態勢有不同的觀照，以補昔日研究之不足。

Mr. Huang's family was not wealthy when he was young. After the Japanese colonial education, he entered to Normal school, and got support from the officer of Taiwan Government to go to Tokyo Bijutsu Gakko to learn sculpture with public funds. Mr. Huang was Taiwan's first artist whose works won Japanese recognition. Besides his efforts, the political and educational systems of Japanese occupation period brought his outstanding life experiences. Mr. Huang created the works for Japan Empire Exhibition, accepted the order from Japan royal family, and extended his artificial field to general life hood to customize the portrait and artificial decoration for Japanese and Taiwan gentries. This led to various public arts. However, he personally regarded himself as a weird man because he had no time to have interaction with others. If he was not good at social relationship, how could he get financial funds to support his creation? In the records of Taiwan Daily News, Mr. Huang attended many public social activities to enhance his social relationship. He also made friends with some officers of Taiwan Government, businessmen and artists from Japan and Taiwan. Since 1927, Taiwan Daily News had kept assisting selling his works. It was the beginning of artificial work commercialization. The transition of conservation and modernity not only reflected on his works but also influenced of establishment his social relationship and development of his work creation. This article, in a social history perspective is to review Mr. Huang again, and analyze Taiwan's cultural development; hope to compensate the insufficiency of existing researches.