腐朽菌劣化作品的修護——以朱銘美術館館藏作品〈人間系列－彩繪木雕〉為例

Conservation of Sculptures Degraded by Wood-Decay Fungi–Case of Living World Series-Painted Wood Collections in Juming Museum

木質類型的藝術品會因為許多種因素而產生劣化狀況，如本文所探討生長於藝術品上的木材腐朽菌，原為自然中的一種循環機制，但若生長於文物或藝術品上時，卻是保存修護人員不得不去阻止發生的，而腐朽菌不只影響木材結構，更會使木材產生變色的情況，嚴重時與蟲害問題交互作用下，更會加速腐朽與蟲蛀的速度。雖然防止腐朽菌形成的主要方式，便是控制環境中的相對濕度與溫度，這對資源充足的博物館或許是可以達成的條件，但仍有許多私人單位或古蹟建築，因先天環境、經費等因素，使得預防性維護的條件變得較為嚴苛，因此仍有腐朽菌造成的劣化需去修護，而修護的方式可透過表面清潔、加固、填補、全色等處理過程，穩定其木材結構並使損壞狀況在修護後達到肉眼不易辨別的程度，讓藝術品持續發揮教育、展覽、典藏與研究的功能。

Many reasons will cause degradations of wooden artifacts. For example, wood-decay fungi are parts of living cycle of nature world, but when they grow on artifacts, they become the bad things that conservators have to stop. Wood-decay fungi will not only affect wooden structure but also cause discoloration. When accompany with insect infestation, it will certainly accelerate degradation. The best way to prevent wood-decay fungi from growing is to control the temperature and relative humidity in the environment, which may be achievable in well-funded museum. However, many private museum and historical sites, which might be facing financial or environmental limits, found the environment hard to maintain. Therefore degradation caused by wood-decay fungi still exists and needs to be treated. After conservations, including surface cleaning, consolidation, filling, retouching etc., wood structure will be stable again, and the broken area will be difficult to be distinguished with bare eye. And the artifact can keep carrying the responsibility of education, exhibition, collection and research.