台灣甜椒莖腐及果腐病

Fusarium Stem and Fruit Rot of Sweet Pepper（Capsicum annuum L.）in Taiwan

2023年7月在南投溫室栽培的甜椒植株，於採收果實後的果梗傷口周圍，觀察到水浸狀壞疽病徵與白色菌絲病兆，嚴重時，可導致受害枝條環狀壞疽、植株萎凋、落葉的症狀，並於部分罹病組織表面，可觀察到橘紅色子囊殼。將罹病組織進行表面消毒與組織分離後，在水瓊脂培養基平板上長出的真菌菌絲與孢子，再經單孢純化培養，共獲得SPF-01與SPF-02-02兩個菌株。將前述真菌菌株接種於甜椒植株後，均能造成與田間相似的病徵，因此確定採集的菌株對甜椒均具有病原性並完成柯霍式法則。進一步觀察兩菌株的菌落形態、產孢方式、孢子形態，並利用多基因座序列分析進行分子鑑定，確認引起的病原菌學名為Fusarium solani-melongenae O'Donnell, Geiser, Kasson & T. Aoki (syn. Neocosmospora ipomoeae (Halst.) L. Lombard & Crous)，本研究為台灣首次報導F. solani-melongenae引起甜椒的莖腐與果腐病。

In July 2023, water-soaking and sunken lesions with whitish mycelia were observed at the pedicel wounds of sweet pepper plants in a greenhouse in Nantou County. Severely infected sweet peppers showed girdling, wilting, and defoliation of the entire plant, sometimes accompanied by reddish-orange colored perithecia. Two single-spore isolates, SPF-01 and SPF-02-02, were purified from the symptoms and Koch's postulates were fulfilled, confirming the pathogenicity of the fungal isolates in sweet pepper. Based on morphological characteristics and multilocus sequence analyses, the pathogen was identified as Fusarium solani-melongenae O'Donnell, Geiser, Kasson & T. Aoki (syn. Neocosmospora ipomoeae (Halst.) L. Lombard & Crous). To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. solani-melongenae causing sweet pepper stem and fruit rot in Taiwan.