開創永續交通：共享單車平台發起者的關鍵角色

Trailblazing Sustainable Transportation: The Essential Role of Shared Bike Platform Initiators

平台發起者──如地方政府、公私協力聯盟或主導企業──在共享單車系統的架構設計、治理模式與永續發展中扮演關鍵角色。本文聚焦於發起者的制度性作用，將數位平台視為嵌入城市政策環境中的治理基礎建設。以平台理論為基礎，本研究比較分析全球十二座城市，提出一套結合平台型態、發起者與提供者關係、及策略導向的三維分類架構。研究發現，專屬型、混合型與共享型平台不僅技術結構不同，亦反映出合作機制、治理邏輯與價值創造模式的差異。進一步地，本文建構「設計－動員－成熟」三階段平台演化模型，解釋發起者如何影響系統發展。透過重新聚焦發起者角色，本文擴展了平台理論視角，亦為永續交通政策與平台治理提供實務參考。

Platform initiators—such as municipal governments, public–private alliances, or lead firms—play a pivotal role in shaping the architecture, governance structure, and long-term sustainability of shared mobility systems. This study centers on the initiator’s role within shared bicycle platforms, reframing digital platforms as institutional infrastructures embedded in diverse urban policy environments. Drawing on platform theory, we conduct a comparative analysis of twelve global cities using a three-dimensional typology that integrates platform type, initiator–provider relationships, and strategic orientation. Our findings show that proprietary, hybrid, and shared models are not only technically distinct, but also reflect divergent modes of public-private collaboration, platform governance, and value creation. Furthermore, we propose a three-phase model of platform evolution—design, mobilization, and maturity—to explain how initiators influence system outcomes across different stages of development. By recentering the initiator as a strategic actor, this study extends existing platform theory and offers new insights for sustainable mobility planning. The results also inform policymakers and operators seeking to align platform strategy with urban constraints, stakeholder dynamics, and long-term public interest.