手機內建GNSS運用RTK技術於建物傾斜監測之可行性研究

Feasibility Study on the Application of Smartphone-Embedded GNSS with RTK Technology for Building Tilt Monitoring

近年來都市更新造成的鄰宅倒塌或受損事件頻傳，這些事件發生前，受災住戶幾乎都反應過地板、天花板或牆壁裂縫的問題，但苦於無科學性的資料驗證，均不受建商或相關監察單位採納，若能提供公分等級精度的測量成果，應可減少這類嚴重事件的發生。本研究應用Google Pixel 7 pro的內建GNSS原始觀測量資料及ARTKAPP於建物頂樓即時進行RTK定位，並以10分鐘之觀測量以成功Fix的解答平均值視為當時之坐標值，並於兩週內不同時段進行定位分析定位之精度。得到重覆性精度於N、E、H方向分別為0.006、0.012與0.031公尺。根據技師公會規範傾斜率大於1/200房屋有安全疑慮，以5樓建物樓高3.2公尺，女兒牆1公尺高來估算，高度約為17公尺，0.085公尺為1/200，使用手機進行即時動態定位（RTK）具有早期偵測建物傾斜的能力。

In recent years, incidents of neighboring houses collapsing or being damaged due to urban renewal projects have become increasingly frequent. Before these incidents occurred, affected residents almost always reported issues such as cracks in floors, ceilings, or walls. However, due to the lack of scientific data validation, these concerns were consistently disregarded by construction companies or relevant supervisory authorities. If measurement results with centimeter-level precision could be provided, it should be possible to reduce the occurrence of such serious incidents. This study utilized the built-in GNSS raw observation data and an app on the Google Pixel 7 Pro to perform real-time RTK positioning on the top floor of a building. The coordinate value was determined as the average of the successfully fixed solutions from 10 minutes of observation data. Positioning was conducted at different times over five days to analyze the precision of the positioning. The repeatability precision was found to be 0.006, 0.012, and 0.031 meters in the North, East, and Height directions, respectively. According to the Engineers Association's regulations, a building with a tilt rate greater than 1/200 raises safety concerns. For a five-story building with each floor at 3.2 meters high and a parapet wall of 1 meter, the total height is approximately 17 meters. A tilt of 1/200 corresponds to 0.085 meters. Using a smartphone for rapid static positioning demonstrates the capability to detect building tilt at an early stage.