博物館視角下的藏品分級：庫房資源的最佳運用與發展

Collection Classification from a Museum Perspective: Optimizing Storage Resources and Future Development

在臺灣的博物館藏品分級法源來自《博物館法》及相關施行辦法《公立博物館典藏品盤點作業辦法》和《文化資產保存法》，將博物館藏品依照文資古物的標準分成三級，但如此一來就會面臨到大部分藏品會集中在不是古物的級別，失去藏品分級是為了分配資源、更有效率運用藏品的初衷，同時也會使生物類藏品，例如標本被摒除在《公立博物館典藏品盤點作業辦法》之外。國外的博物館對藏品分級是基於節省經費及永續、管理及引導蒐藏方向、區分研究行為或各用途活用等目的而做，因此各館舍都是依照自己的需求而制定分級規範，同時在分級中的最後一級經常加上「等待註銷」的處理方式，這不僅是為了庫房空間，更是依照蒐藏宗旨所做的盤整，使藏品能更具代表性、更忠於宗旨。這也是目前國內藏品分級尚未討論到的部分。本文試圖從法律層面和國內外各館舍的分級方式探尋在建立藏品分級標準時的標準及可能性，並期望藏品分級可以成為博物館有效運用有限的庫房資源，並使藏品發揮最大效用的方法。

The classification of museum collections in Taiwan is based on the Museum Act and its related enforcement regulations, such as the Regulations for the Inventory of Collections in Public Museums, as well as the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act. Under these regulations, museum collections are categorized into three levels according to the classification standards for cultural heritage and antiquities. However, this approach results in most collections being classified outside the category of antiquities, thereby undermining the original intent of classification—to allocate resources efficiently and optimize the use of collections. Additionally, this system excludes museums that do not collect antiquities, such as science and natural history museums, from the scope of the Regulations for the Inventory of Collections in Public Museums.
Internationally, museum collection classification is designed to reduce costs, ensure sustainability, manage and guide collection development, and differentiate research activities or other practical uses. Each museum establishes its classification criteria based on its specific needs. Furthermore, the lowest tier of classification often includes a“pending deaccession”category, which not only helps manage storage space but also ensures that collections align more closely with the museum’s mission, making them more representative and purpose-driven. This aspect has not yet been fully discussed in Taiwan’s collection classification system.
This paper aims to explore the standards and possibilities of establishing a classification system for museum collections by examining legal perspectives and classification methods used by both domestic and international museums. The ultimate goal is to develop a classification system that enables museums to make the most effective use of their limited storage resources and maximize the utility of their collections.