何應欽上將的抗戰史書寫

The Historical Written of ''Anti-Japanese War'' by General He Ying-qin

對日抗戰時期，何應欽上將是僅次於國民政府軍事委員會委員長蔣中正的重要將領，他在抗戰勝利後首先編纂《八年抗戰的經過》，部分學者認為該書對軍方抗戰史的書寫有很大影響。然而經過本文的梳理與比較之後，有不同與上述學者的認識，何應欽的這本書其實經過三次改寫，至少有四個版本。本研究獲得三個重要觀點：一、書中關於全面抗戰的作戰期程二時期各三階段區分，其實不是他個人的論述，而是軍令部核定的規範。二、其版本的書寫差異，呈現由全期八年抗戰調整為十四年抗戰的歷史意識。三、何應欽的抗戰史書寫，對軍方後續的抗戰史書寫影響不大。影響力比較大的，是國防部史編局編纂的《抗日戰史》百卷本以及三軍大學蔣緯國總編纂的《抗日禦侮》二書，此待另文論述。

In the historical process of China's Anti-Japanese War, General He Ying-qin(何應欽) was an important figure second only to Chiang Kai-shek(蔣中正), Chairman of the Military Commission of the Nationalist Government. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he compiled a book called ''The Experience of the Eight-Year War of Resistance''. Some scholars believe that this book had a great influence on the military personnel's interpretation of the history of the Anti-Japanese War. In fact, General Ho's book has been rewritten three times by himself, and there are currently four editions on the market. After sorting out and comparing the differences between these versions in this article, I found that there is a special phenomenon in his book's understanding of the history of the Anti-Japanese War, which is that the understanding of the time course of the Anti-Japanese War was adjusted from eight years to fourteen years. As for the impact of his book on the military personnel's interpretation of the history of the Anti-Japanese War, it actually had little impact, and it was not what those scholars said.