綠色衝突下的異質拼裝：以在地視角檢視共生型光電環社檢核制度

Fishy Symbiosis: A Study of the Environmental and Social Assessment Mechanisms Applied to Taiwan’s Aquavoltaics

面對能源轉型趨勢，臺灣於地面型光電開發過程中，許多具有發電潛力的用地同時具有環境保育與社會經濟的敏感性，因而引發綠色衝突。本研究探討因應漁電共生政策推出的「環境與社會檢核機制」（環社檢核）如何回應綠色衝突。本文首先梳理漁電共生在臺灣的發展脈絡，描繪環社檢核之孕育背景。其次，透過利害關係人之訪談，理解再生能源政策如何在制度面上回應共生型光電造成的綠色衝突、科技異質拼裝、以及在地化的社會－自然鑲嵌議題。最後，從在地現實的視角檢視環社檢核的成果與限制，並提出對制度的具體建議。
研究結果指出，環社檢核雖以「快篩」流程局部回應選址議題，並辨識在地之環境與社會議題，但仍未能妥善處理技術與生產的匹配性問題，且由於缺乏在地性考量及公眾參與，難以為業者帶來規範性的效力。本研究認為理解技術及產業的拼裝本質，加強對在地的理解，納入利害關係人參與能源轉型，培養對開發風險的敏感性，方能為在地帶來永續發展。

Taiwan’s global energy transition has been hindered by conflicts over ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) systems, which are often sited on land valued both for its solar energy potential and for its ecological and community significance. These competing interests have led to frequent“green conflicts.”This study examines how the Environmental and Social Assessment Mechanism (ESAM) introduced in response to the aquavoltaics controversy addresses these green conflicts. Firstly, this research delineates the background and context of aquavoltaics development and the ESAM response in Taiwan. Next, through interviews with stakeholders, it investigates how renewable energy policies address the green conflicts, heterogeneous technological assemblages, and the socio-natural embeddedness issues that arise from aquavoltaics. Finally, from a local perspective, it evaluates the achievements and limitations of ESAM and offers specific recommendations for improving it.
Our research findings indicate that while ESAM responds to site selection issues through a“rapid screening”process and identifies local environmental and social concerns, it has not adequately addressed compatibility issues between technology and production. Furthermore, its limited attention to local perspectives and a lack of meaningful public participation have hampered the development of effective norms for developers. We suggest that understanding the nature of technological and industrial assemblages, enhancing understanding of the local, engaging stakeholder perspectives on energy transition, and fostering sensitivity to development risks are essential for ensuring sustainable development at the local level.