後進直追，女力勁發──消除婦女歧視公約個人申訴之分析

Late Comer Catching Up by Energetic Women Power—Analyses of Individual Communications of the CEDAW

全世界已有超過半數國家成為消除婦女歧視公約議定書之締約國，公約相對比較晚建立個人申訴制度，不過卻突顯後來居上之特質。CEDAW委員會之實質決定中認定超過九成的案件違反公約，顯現CEDAW委員會之積極性，同時要求以高標準實踐公約。
CEDAW委員會從關國家義務之角度，確保婦女之身分認定及人身自由與安全。CEDAW委員會相當堅定守護女性參與公共事務之權利。有關經濟社會文化權利，CEDAW委員會強調不應受限於性別刻板印象，締約國應改變性別陳舊觀念，應該著重工作場合中之性別暴力及婦女之弱勢地位，同時締約國負擔證明無間接歧視之義務。CEDAW委員會亦認為性侵害所造成嚴重之健康傷害，亦應細緻地審酌產檢方式，以避免產科暴力之發生。公約有關私法領域之平等，是公約相當大之突破。在女性法律地位與婚姻及家庭關係，CEDAW委員會非常著重家暴及性侵害之調查，並應確保被害人得到足夠之賠償。

More than half of the world states have ratified Optional Protocol to the CEDAW. CEDAW was relatively late in establishing its individual communication, but it highlighted the character of its superiority. The CEDAW Committee found that more than 90% of the cases violated the Convention, demonstrating its enthusiasm and demanding high standards.
The CEDAW Committee ensures women’s self-identity and personal freedom and security from the perspective of State obligations. The CEDAW Committee is a strong defender of women’s right to participate in public affairs. Regarding economic, social and cultural rights, the CEDAW Committee stressed that States parties should change gender stereotypes, should focus on gender violence in the workplace and the vulnerable position of women, and that States parties have an obligation to prove the absence of indirect discrimination. The CEDAW Committee also believes that sexual assault causes serious health harms, and that the mode of birth should be carefully examined to avoid obstetric violence. CEDAW’s concern for equality in the field of private laws is a considerable breakthrough. About the legal status of women and marriage and family relations, the CEDAW Committee places great emphasis on the investigation of domestic violence and sexual assault, and should ensure that victims receive adequate compensation