公共化與現時性：民初報刊的端午輿論考察

Publicization and Contemporaneity: An Examination of Public Opinion on Dragon Boat Festival Customs in Newspapers during Early Republican Period

在民初現代化的浪潮下，人們如何看待傳統端午節俗與端午紀念屈原的意義呢？由於報刊的盛行，我們得以直接考察民情輿論。筆者發現端午主題的文章大量集中於1918至1929年的上海報刊，於是本文第二節先梳理「端午專刊」的形成，說明它如何始於游戲場報，而後《申報•自由談》延續且擴大影響力，形成新型態的端午書寫。第三節探討端午之歷史傳說、衛生知識，以及游戲文章的內容與表現方式。第四節詮釋民初端午文章中頻繁出現的「三節收帳」、「新五毒」，體現了何種社會現象與心理。第五節則分析人們對於端午紀念屈原的看法，包含屈原的當代意義與自殺議題。整體而言，1920年代的報刊端午文章，緊密扣合社會脈動，反映當時民眾的認知與情感，並藉由將傳統符號重新脈絡化，及詼諧幽默的筆觸，
讓端午傳統融入新時代。

Amidst the wave of modernization in early Republican Periods, how did people perceive traditional Dragon Boat Festival customs and the commemoration of Qu Yuan? With the widespread circulation of newspapers and periodicals, we are able to directly examine the public opinion and societal discourse during that time. This study finds that a substantial number of Dragon Boat Festival-themed articles appeared in Shanghai newspapers between 1918 and 1929. Accordingly, the second section traces the emergence of the Dragon Boat Festival special editions, illustrating how they originated from the newspapers published by entertainment venues and later expanded in influence through Shenbao-- Ziyou tan (Free Talk), ultimately shaping a new mode of festival-related writing. The third section explores the representation of historical legends associated with the festival, health-related knowledge, and frolic articles (游戲文章), analyzing their content and expressive styles. The fourth section interprets the frequent appearances of“Sanjie shouzhang三節收帳”(debt settlements across three major festivals) and“Xin Wu Du”(new five venoms) in the festival-themed articles in early Republican Periods, exploring the social realities and psychological reflections reflected in these writings. The fifth section discusses the public’s perspectives on commemorating Qu Yuan, including reflections on his contemporary significance and debates surrounding the issue of suicide. Overall, Dragon Boat Festival articles in 1920s newspapers closely engaged with societal currents, reflecting the public’s perceptions and sentiments at the time. By recontextualizing traditional symbols with a touch of humor and wit, these writings integrated the festival’s traditions into the modern era.