從公立博物館採購履約爭議案看藝文採購契約當事人地位之衡平

Examining the Equitable Status of Contracting Parties in Cultural and Arts Procurement Through the Lens of a Public Museum Procurement Dispute

國立故宮博物院與華藝數位股份有限公司之間的政府採購履約爭議，相較於我國多數政府採購爭議為工程糾紛，屬較罕見之案例，且其本質與藝文採購契約有共通性，在藝文採購尚無訴訟案件之情況下，此案對藝文採購具有借鑑意義，故以之為探討起點。
經分析，採購契約多定性為私法契約，但契約雙方當事人地位顯不對等，此時若以私法自治、契約自由之角度評價雙方權利義務關係，恐難獲致公允結果，爰本文以憲法基本權國庫效力及信賴保護原則予以調和，並將相同邏輯適用於性質與本案相同之藝文採購契約，論述在締約當事人地位差距更加懸殊的藝文採購契約，能否運用憲法文化基本權導出有利於藝文工作者之解釋，且藝文採購契約之定性能否不同於一般採購契約，並且如何透過基本權第三人效力與定型化契約對於顯失公平條款予以無效的控制，適當調整藝文採購契約雙方交易地位之失衡。最後，本文在立法、行政與司法面分別提出建議，以期相關單位未來對於藝文採購契約之擬定、執行、審理都能有不同以往之視野。

In the context of government procurement, the contractual dispute between the National Palace Museum and Airiti Incorporation is a relatively rare case compared to the majority of such disputes in Taiwan, which typically involve construction-related issues. Given its shared characteristics with cultural and arts procurement contracts and the absence of litigation cases in this field, this case serves as a valuable reference for such procurement and is used as the starting point for discussion.
Detailed analysis revealed that government procurement contracts are predominantly categorized under private law. However, a clear imbalance exists in status and bargaining power between the public institution and the private contractor. Relying solely on private law doctrines such as private law autonomy and contractual freedom risks this asymmetry being overlooked, potentially leading to unjust outcomes. To address this issue, the constitutional effect of basic human rights and principle of legitimate expectations are applied as mechanisms to ensure fairness.
The argument is further extended to cultural and arts procurement contracts, where disparities in power are even more pronounced, especially when dealing with individual creators or small cultural enterprises. This study explores whether the constitutional right to culture can support interpretations that favor cultural workers and whether arts-related procurement contracts should be treated differently from standard ones. Additionally, how constitutional rights and the invalidation of unfair standard contract terms can be applied to correct power imbalances in contractual relationships are evaluated.
Ultimately, the study offers targeted recommendations from legislative, administrative, and judicial standpoints. These suggestions aim to inspire a renewed perspective on how cultural and arts procurement contracts can be drafted, executed, and adjudicated in the future, ultimately promoting a more equitable legal framework for cultural and creative stakeholders.