國民營養調查（2013-2016）之成人體位指標常模建立：腰圍、臀圍、上臂圍與手握力分析

Establishment of normative data for waist, hip, mid-upper-arm circumference and hand grip strength for Taiwanese adults: analysis of 2013–2016 National Nutrition Survey results

目標：運用具代表性的調查資料，分析建立國人體位與體適能常模。方法：本研究運用2013-2016年國民營養健康狀況變遷調查數據，分析成年人體位指標（腰圍、臀圍、上臂圍）與手握力，建立其性別與年齡常模。樣本涵蓋5,581名19歲以上成年人，依年齡層與百分位數進行分析。結果：男性、女性腰圍中位數在65歲以前皆呈現隨年齡層上升而增加，男性55歲中位數達90 cm，女性45歲以上中位數超過80cm，表示此年齡後半數以上為腹部肥胖。男性臀圍中位數在30-44歲達最高，隨年齡遞減；女性全年齡層臀圍中位數穩定在93~94 cm，但女性95百分位明顯高於男性。男性上臂圍中位數自45歲起隨年齡增加而遞減，女性則一直維持穩定。不論男女性，手握力均隨年齡增加而下降，30~44歲男性握力中位數44.5 kg、女性25.9 kg，男女相比，同年齡層、同百分位男性握力數據較女性均高出10 kg。以亞洲肌少症篩檢建議，男性65~69歲超過15%、70歲以上超過25%、女性65~69歲超過25%、75歲以上超過50%符合「低肌肉強度」參考值。結論：本研究建立年齡與性別分層之腰圍、臀圍、上臂圍與手握力常模，也以國民營養調查資料報導國人體位偏差問題嚴重度、和證實年齡層對於不同體位指標的不同影響趨勢。建議評估高齡者營養狀況，需對照適當的國人常模，以提升健康監測與慢性病風險評估的正確性。（台灣衛誌2025；44（3）：228-242）

Objectives: This study established normative data for anthropometric indicators, namely waist circumference, hip circumference, and mid-upper arm circumference, and handgrip strength for Taiwanese adults, with the data stratified by age and sex. The study analyzed nationally representative data to evaluate physical condition trends in Taiwan and provide reference values for health monitoring and sarcopenia risk assessment. Methods: Data were derived from the 2013–2016 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, with the data covering a total of 5,581 adults aged 19 years and older. Waist, hip, and mid-upper-arm circumference and handgrip strength measurements were analyzed by age group and sex. Percentile distributions were used to develop normative values for each indicator. Results: The median waist circumference increased with age up to 65 years in both sexes. In men, the median reached 90 cm by age 55, whereas in women, it exceeded 80 cm from age 45 onward, indicating that more than half of these individuals had abdominal obesity. Male hip circumference peaked between ages 30 and 44 and declined with age, whereas female hip circumference remained stable at 93–94 cm across all age groups, with the 95th percentile being significantly higher than that in men. In men, mid-upper-arm circumference declined after age 45, whereas in women, the values remained stable. Handgrip strength decreased with age for both sexes. Among individuals aged 30–44, the median handgrip strength was 44.5 kg for men and 25.9 kg for women. Furthermore, the median handgrip strength was consistently approximately 10 kg higher in men than in women of the same age and in the same percentile. According to Asian sarcopenia criteria, in this study, more than 15% of the men aged 65–69 and more than 25% of those aged 70 and older had low handgrip strength. For women, more than 25% of those aged 65–69 and more than 50% of those aged 75 and older met the criteria for low handgrip strength. This study confirmed that age-related changes occur in body composition and physical function in Taiwanese adults, which demonstrates the importance of considering age- and sex-specific norms in assessing the nutritional and functional status of older adults. Conclusions: This study established sex- and age-specific normative data for waist, hip, and midupper- arm circumference and handgrip strength for Taiwanese adults. It highlighted the degree of deviation in body size distribution and confirmed the differential effects of aging on various body indicators. The findings suggest that nutritional assessments in older adults should be conducted with reference to appropriate national norms to improve accuracy in health monitoring and chronic disease risk evaluation. (Taiwan J Public Health. 2025;44(3):228-242)