Digital and Algorithmic Criminal Justice

數位與演算法化的刑事司法

21世紀社會生活的數位化已成為不可否認的現實，並延伸至司法領域，使其日益演算化。這場技術革命為刑事司法領域帶來重大的挑戰與複雜的風險。我們見證了前所未有的司法程序混合化現象：機器與人類在法律系統中互動，並協助法官、檢察官、律師和其他法律專家。這些技術起初是用來強化人類決策的工具，但逐漸轉變為取代人類在司法實務中的角色。此種轉變引發一迫切且具挑戰性的問題：所謂「智慧司法」（Smart Justice）的追求，最終是否會導致人類在法律裁判程序中遭到取代？本文探討數位科技對司法系統的滲透，尤其是刑事司法，評析其對基本法律概念、原則與程序規範的影響，同時強調傳統上被視為人類專業的領域，正朝向自動化的發展趨勢。

The datafication of societal life in the 21st century has become an undeniable reality, extending into the realm of justice and giving rise to its increasing algorithmization. This technological revolution presents significant challenges and complex risks, particularly within the field of criminal justice. We are witnessing an unprecedented hybridization of judicial processes: human actors and machines now interact within legal systems, with algorithms assisting judges, prosecutors, attorneys, and other legal professionals. Initially conceived as tools to enhance human decision-making, these technologies are progressively shifting toward the substitution of human agency within the administration of justice. This transformation raises a pressing and provocative question: will the pursuit of so-called“Smart Justice”ultimately lead to the displacement of human actors in legal adjudication and procedure? This article explores the penetration of digital technologies into the justice system—focusing especially on criminal justice—and critically examines their impact on foundational legal concepts, principles, and procedural norms, highlighting a growing trend toward the automation of functions traditionally regarded as inherently human.