Discovery and genomic analysis of two newly recorded Hydrobryum in China (Podostemaceae), revealing underestimated biodiversity and phylogenetic insights

Discovery and genomic analysis of two newly recorded Hydrobryum in China (Podostemaceae), revealing underestimated biodiversity and phylogenetic insights

During a botanical survey conducted from 2022 to 2023 in Fujian, China, initial identification through morphoanatomical studies and molecular phylogenetic analyses using the matK gene confirmed the presence of two species from the genus Hydrobryum: H. floribundum and H. koribanum. These findings represent new species records for China and established Hydrobryum as a newly recorded genus in Fujian. Previously known as endemic and rare in Japan, the discovery of these species in Fujian expands their geographical range and suggests a greater ecological adaptability than previously understood. Further analysis of their chloroplast genomes helped illuminate adaptive genetic variations that may contribute to the ecological success of these species in diverse environments.