編輯「女性」：今存漢魏六朝女性作品的編輯策略

Editing“Women”: Editorial Strategies in Extant Women’s Works from the Han, Wei, and Six Dynasties Periods

本文探討今存漢魏六朝女性作品被各種編輯策略定調的現象，選錄、本事化、分類、刪節等編輯行為，反映編輯者對「女性」或「女性文學」的認知，甚或形塑理想女性典範的意圖，經由讀者接受，成為今日所見女性作者、作品的前提。本文分為三部份：1.史傳藉由選錄女主詔書，編輯理想的后妃形象，並以此回應兩漢時代的外戚問題，呈現后妃應有的自覺與作為。2.史傳、選集選錄女性抒情之作，歸位之敘事語境或加序說明之本事，多為婚姻、愛情之怨，不僅使女性作品在讀者接受中本事化，也加強女性作者與婚戀主題的連結。3.類書《藝文類聚》選錄女性之作多集中歸位於特定類別，或將其收編於「賢婦人」與「美婦人」兩種觀看、書寫女性的傳統中，或歸類於婚戀之怨與賦詠小物的類別，並透過刪節，突顯女性之作「怨深文綺」的特色。編輯者實以其策略與權力，編輯「女性」；然而認識這些前提，也讓我們更能辨認作品中逸出框架的女聲，尋繹漢魏六朝女性作者、作品更多元的可能樣貌。

This study examines how extant women’s works from the Han, Wei, and Six Dynasties periods have been shaped through the use of various editorial strategies. Through editorial actions such as selection, contextualization, categorization, and abridgment, the works reflect the editors’perceptions of women or women’s literature and reveal their intent to shape an ideal feminine paradigm. These editorial choices, which were accepted by readers, have formed the basis of our current understanding of women writers and their works. This study is divided into three parts and discusses the following three points. 1) Historical biographies shaped the ideal image of empresses and concubines by selecting edicts that portrayed self-awareness and exemplary conduct as a response to the problem of consort kin during the Han dynasties. 2) Historical biographies and anthologies that included women’s lyrical works contextualized them within narratives or prefaces that often concerned marriage or romantic grievances. This not only impacted how readers perceived the women’s works, but it also reinforced the link between women writers and the themes of love and marriage. 3) Reference works such as the Yiwen leiju often placed women writers within specific categories, under traditional views of and writings on virtuous or beautiful women, or classified them as expressions of marital and romantic grievances. When combined with abridgement, the edited works highlight women’s writings as focused on complaints and grudges. Editors, through their strategies and power,“edited”women; however, recognizing this fact also enables us to identify the voices of women within these frameworks. This study encourages the further exploration of women writers from the Han, Wei, and Six Dynasties periods in order to uncover more diverse possibilities.