晚清英文教材中呈現的吳音及其音變探討

A Study on the Wu Dialect and the Sound Changes in English Textbooks from the Late Qing

晚清時期，中西交流頻繁，中國對於英文學習的需求大增，清人所編著的英文教材也應運而生。諸類教材的英語詞彙發音，多以漢字標註，須以粵音或吳音讀之，因此晚清英文教材的音註字實具有地域方音特徵。本文以近代吳音為研究主題，探討與此相關的教科書文獻，計有《英話註解》、《英字入門》、《英字指南》三種。本文分別以對音法、對譯規則法、方音對照法等角度，對於諸類文獻進行研究嘗試，討論近代上海入聲韻尾、寧波鼻音韻尾、「江浙通用字音」等議題，希冀藉由晚清英文教材，結合過往西方傳教士的方言紀錄，對於近代吳音研究能有進一步的增益。

During the late Qing period, there were frequent interactions between China and the West. The demand for English learning in China increased significantly, and English textbooks compiled by Qing scholars accordingly began to appear. The pronunciation of English vocabulary in various textbooks was mostly annotated using Chinese characters, which had to be pronounced in either Cantonese or the Wu dialect. Thus, the phonetic annotations in these late Qing English textbooks exhibit regional dialect characteristics. This article studies early modern Wu by investigating textbooks and literature from the period, such as the Yinghua zhujie英話註解, Yingzi rumen英字入門, and Yingzi zhinan英字指南. It examines various types of documents from the perspectives of phonetic comparison, translation rules, and dialect comparison, and discusses issues such as the entering tone codas of early modern Shanghai Wu, the nasal codas of Ningbo Wu, and the“common pronunciation in Jiangsu and Zhejiang.”By analyzing late Qing English textbooks and combining them with previous records of dialects by Western missionaries, I hope to further contribute to the research on early modern Wu pronunciation.