懷孕婦女孕期不適、社會支持、孕期適應及生活品質相關性研究

The Correlations among Physical Discomfort, Social Support, Prenatal Adaptation, and Quality of Life in Pregnant Women

背景：婦女懷孕期間因賀爾蒙改變出現生理不適症狀，而孕期社會支持會影響孕期適應及生活品質，本研究欲探討懷孕婦女孕期不適、社會支持、孕期適應及生活品質之相關性。
方法：採橫斷性相關性研究，於中部某醫院門診收案，方便取樣招募180位孕婦參與本研究。
研究工具為：(1)個人背景屬性資料調查表；(2)孕期不適症狀量表；(3)孕婦社會支持量表；(4)中文版孕期適應自我評量簡表；(5)臺灣簡明版世界衛生組織生活品質問卷，進行資料收集。
結果：懷孕期間不適症狀與生活品質之生理、心理和環境範疇呈現負相關；相反的，社會支持越高，其生活品質之心理、社會和環境範疇則越好；而孕期適應越差，其生活品質四大範疇越差，婦女孕期適應分數越高表示適應越差，其懷孕期間生活品質越差。生活品質之預測因子為是否有工作、孕期不適、社會支持及孕期適應，可解釋生活品質35%~ 47%的變異量。
結論：建議醫護人員尤其護理師應及早評估懷孕婦女的孕期不適症狀、社會支持及孕期適應情形並理解孕期需求，需要時及早轉介專業醫療照護改善其孕期不適症狀及適應問題，給予懷孕婦女心理支持等相關教育訓練課程，以提升以家庭為中心的照護品質增進懷孕婦女的生活品質。

Background: Pregnancy women often experience physical discomfort due to hormonal changes, which, along with physical discomfort and social support, can affect their prenatal adaptation and quality of life. This study aims to explore the correlation among physical discomfort, social support, prenatal adaptation, and quality of life in pregnant women.
Methods: A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted, recruiting 180 pregnant women from an outpatient clinic at a hospital in central Taiwan through convenience sampling. The research tools included: (1) a sociodemographic information sheet, (2) a Gestational Discomfort Symptoms Scale, (3) Maternity Social Support Scale, (4) The short-form Chinese Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire, and (5) World HealthOrganization Quality of Life-Brief-Taiwanese version for data collection.
Results: The findings revealed that gestational discomfort was negatively correlated with physical health, psychological health, and the environment domain of quality of life. In contrast, social support was positively corrected with psychological health, social relationships an environment domain. Prenatal adaptation was positively correlated with all four domains of quality of life. A higher prenatal adaption score indicated poorer quality of life. The predictors of quality of life included employed status, gestational discomfort, social support, and prenatal adaptation, which together explained 35%-47% of the variation in quality of life.
Conclusion/Implications for Practice: We recommend that clinical professionals, particular nurses, conduct an early assessment for gestational discomfort symptoms, social support, and prenatal adaptation in pregnant women and patiently listen to their needs. Promptly and timely referral to professional medical care are needed to improve pregnancy discomfort and adaption. Furthermore, nurse should provide educational programs on psychological support for pregnant women. This will foster family-center care quality, thereby improving the quality of life of pregnant women.