日月潭原住民文化資產的複合策略

The Strategy of Comprehensive Indigenous Peoples’Cultural Heritage in Sun Moon Lake Area

本文期能透過爬梳相關文獻對於邵族原住民的敘事，歸納其文化內容可資對應之國內各項文化資產，包含尚未登錄或指定的文化資產類型如史蹟、文化景觀、考古遺址或水下文化資產，以及業經登錄為重要民俗的「邵族Tungkariri Lus’an（祖靈祭）」與相關聯的文化空間等，藉由複合文化資產的提出，與官方行政部門共同達成保存維護策略的共識，強化邵族族人對於日月潭周邊區域文化空間詮釋的主導性。本文亦透過概念相近的日本遺產案例，與日月潭周邊文化資產進行比對，思考如何以遺產群的概念，將不易納入個別文化資產點位的故事，建立整體的關聯及觀覽經驗的完整性。
歷史各時期的外來政權，以或懷柔或暴力的方式對斯土斯民進行治理，而邵族族人則在三百多年與外族的互動經驗中數度失去對關鍵文化空間的使用與詮釋權利，筆者認為，主因為外來政權僅以「資源」角度看待日月潭周邊環境，而將生活其上的原住民視為可透過資源的「交易」、「補償」、「交換」等方式與空間分別處置，造成原本唇齒相依的人與空間的文化關聯持續斷裂迄今。
進行文化資產的辨識與指認，是本文所提出縫合前述斷裂的方法之一，成為文化資產的過程中，須對過往的歷史提出新的敘事並建構新的象徵，且須進一步與關聯性的在地其他社群進行協商。這些協商過程是再次定義該空間過程中無可避讓的手段。

This article is aimed to generalize the cultural content of Thau, a small group of indigenous peoples living in Taiwan, corresponding to potential cultural heritages such as historic sites, cultural landscapes, archaeological sites or underwater cultural heritage, as well as the significant folklore“Thau’s Tungkariri Lus’an”by sorting through literature reviews of Thau history. By suggesting cultural heritages in comprehensive form and reaching a consensus on preservation and conservation strategies with official administrative departments, Thau is able to reinforce their dominance in interpreting the cultural space surrounding Sun Moon Lake. Nevertheless, by comparing cultural heritages around Sun Moon Lake with Japanese Heritage, which shares similar concepts, the author likes to reflect on how to integrate stories that are difficult to incorporate into individual cultural heritage sites in the idea of heritage clusters, in order to build an overall connection and completeness of the viewing experience.
Alien regimes in different times governed indigenous peoples either gently or violently. As for Thau, who lost the rights of using and interpreting their significant cultural spaces several times in the experience of interacting with foreigners over the past 300 years, the author believes that alien regimes only took Sun Moon Lake area as a resource. Thau residents were dealt with transaction, compensation, or exchange, led to the broken connection, which used to be indivisible, between residents and environments. Distinguishing and identifying cultural heritage is one of the methods mentioned in this article to reconnect the broken bond. In the process of becoming cultural heritages, a new description of history must be proposed, so as to construct a new symbol. Furthermore, consultations with other relevant local communities are required. The negotiations are inevitable in the process of redefining Sun Moon Lake area.