建構「大英」：論《英華仙尼華四雜字文》的殖民意圖及其反映鴉片戰爭史價

On the Colonial Overtones in Yinghua Xiannihuasi Zaziwen and Its New Value in Reflecting the History of the Opium War

本文主要探究1846年印度人仙尼華四在舟山出版之詞彙書《英華仙尼華四雜字文》中的殖民色彩，從此論點推導作者的殖民意圖是該著區別於晚清諸多外語習得教材的重要特徵。首先，基於中外文獻嚴密考證舟山在當時西人視野下具有「準殖民地」的特性後，本文發現維多利亞時代語言調查的風氣與語言帝國主義是刺激編寫教材的重要前提。繼而，剝離出其文本中「女皇（Queen）」中譯、副文本中存在的殖民色彩與編者的殖民共謀者身份，此三種角度共同組成該教材殖民實踐的體現，並可推測此實為編者之編寫意圖。最後，針對英據地區出版物的殖民色彩研究，既可成為鴉片戰爭、浙江中西文化交匯史、世界漢語教育史上的獨特文獻，更可為鴉片戰爭史研究開拓新路徑，乃至補充英國漢學發展史的浙江角色。

This research article focuses on the colonial Overtones of the vocabulary book or textbook Yinghua Xiannihuaasi Zaziwen published by an Indian P. Streenevassa Pillay in Zhoushan (Chusan) in 1846, and points out that this argument is a crucial feature that distinguishes many foreign languages acquisition textbooks from those in the late Qing Dynasty. First of all, based on a rigorous examination of the quasi-colonial character of Zhoushan in Chinese and foreign literature, this article finds that the culture of linguistic investigation and linguistic imperialism in the Victorian era were the prerequisites that stimulated the development of the textbook. The translation of“Queen”into“Imperatrix”in the word list, the presence of colonial overtones in the para-text, and the editor's identity as a colonial collaborator are then stripped away to form a manifestation of the textbook's colonial practices, and may be presumed to be a response to the author's editorial intentions. Finally, the study of the colonial overtones of the publications of the British-occupied areas can not only become a unique historical material of the Opium War and the British colonial invasion, but also open up new avenues for the study of the history of the Opium War.