壓力，細胞衰老，衰老相關分泌體及老化

Stress, cellular senescence, SASP and ageing

與老化密切相關的細胞老化，於1961年首次在體外實驗中被描述。其特徵是細胞週期抑制因子的上調，導致細胞週期活動被抑制，細胞停止生長。同時，還觀察到了與DNA損傷相關的反應、轉錄組模式的變化、活性氧（ROS）產生的增加、錯誤折疊蛋白的積累、細胞形態的改變以及代謝活動的異常。此外，在老化組織的微環境中，出現了與壓力相關的低促炎狀態，以及老化相關分泌表型（SASP）的旁分泌效應。在本綜述中，除了壓力因素外，還重點描述了SASP，包括其組成及其潛在的分子調控機制，其中特別強調了老化與細胞老化之間的關聯性。最後，進一步討論，使用SASP抑制劑的介入策略，作為預防甚至治療老化相關適應症的潛在用途。總而言之，延緩老化已成為目前生物技術公司改善多種人類健康狀況的主要研究目標，相關的研究正在積極深入進行中。

Cellular senescence closely associated with ageing is first described in vitro in 1961. It is characterized by the upregulation of cell cycle inhibitors, leading to suppressing the cell cycle activity and ceasing of cellular growth. Concordantly, the DNA damage related responses, change of transcriptomics pattern, increased ROS production, accumulation of misfolded proteins, alteration of cell morphology and aberrant metabolic activity were also observed. In parallel, a stress associated low-grade proinflammatory status, together with the paracrine effects of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) became evident in the ageing tissue microenvironment. In this current review, besides stress, I focused on describing SASP, including its components and the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms. Specifically, the relationship between senescence and ageing was highlighted. Furthermore, the potential use of SASP inhibitors as the intervention strategy to prevent or even treat ageing-related indications are presented. Cellular senescence has become a target for biotech companies to ameliorate a variety of human conditions. Approaches of detaining cell senescence and ageing are under intensive studies.