灼口綜合症：病因、診斷、治療的文獻綜述

Burning Mouth Syndrome: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management

灼口綜合症（Burning mouth syndrome, BMS），又稱為口灼症，或稱特發性舌痛（idiopathic glossodynia），是一種慢性口內疼痛，沒有可視的徵象（例如：口頰黏膜或皮膚表面的病變），沒有特定的異常實驗室數據，其特色為反覆感覺口腔灼熱感、刺痛感、麻木感、口乾舌燥、異常口渴。而且也有較常見的共病發生，包括腸胃道症狀、慢性疲勞、口腔感染、焦慮、憂鬱及睡眠相關疾病，長期疼痛再加上共病的惡性循環，病人的不適感會加劇，最後可能導致更嚴重的疾病產生。而本篇文獻回顧的目的是介紹疾病並探討可能的風險因子，並且用中西醫的角度探討現有的治療方式，讓臨床人員治療能夠有所依循。

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS), also known as idiopathic glossodynia, is characterized by a persistent burning sensation in the oral cavity, particularly on the tongue. This condition presents as chronic intraoral pain, manifesting without any discernible clinical evidence such as mucosal or skin lesions, and lacks abnormal laboratory findings. Clinical manifestations of BMS include recurrent burning sensations, stinging feelings, numbness, and oral dryness. BMS frequently coexists with various health issues, including gastrointestinal discomfort, chronic fatigue, and heightened susceptibility to oral infections, as well as mental health challenges such as anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. These symptoms often result in a complex interplay, subjecting BMS patients to a relentless cycle of chronic pain and comorbidity. Prolonged suffering from BMS can potentially exacerbate patients’overall health status, leading to the development of more severe diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of BMS, elucidate its associated risk factors, and emphasize evidence-based clinical interventions currently available for its management.