護理的角色壓力之概念分析

Conceptual Analysis of Role Stress in Nurses

在護理領域，角色壓力已成為護理師離職的一個嚴重原因，因為護理在以病人為中心的醫療環境中，本身就是一項高壓力的工作，而長時間的高壓力導致護理人員出現焦慮、憂鬱、身體不適、工作滿足度下降，以及可能對病人的照護品質產生不良影響，最後精疲力盡，進而離開護理環境，故了解護理的角色壓力本質對於提高護理人員的工作滿意度，以及提供更好的病人照護是至關重要的。本文依循Walker及Avant (2019)概念分析步驟，統整相關定義後，歸納護理的角色壓力是護理師執行護理職務中或後，對自己應該做到的事情、表現出來的行為或達到的成就，和實際在工作中表現有落差，所產生的知覺與感受。透過典型案例、邊緣案例、相反案例和相關案例的分析，我們可以更好地理解護理的角色壓力的概念，有助於我們確認影響護理角色壓力的前置因素以及可能導致的後果，透過常用的客觀評估工具，幫助了解和測量護理角色壓力的程度，期望透過這個概念分析，政府機關及醫療管理層可以更深入地了解護理角色壓力的本質，幫助護理人員面對此壓力，進而改善護理環境，提高護理的工作滿意度和降低離職率，改善醫療照護品質。

Role stress has become a significant issue contributing to nurse turnover in the healthcare sector. Nurses often experience high levels of stress in patient-centered medical environments, leading to anxiety, depression, physical discomfort, and reduced job satisfaction. These factors can adversely impact the quality of patient care, culminating in burnout and departure from the nursing profession. Understanding the nature of role stress in nurses is essential for enhancing job satisfaction and improving patient care outcomes. This paper employs the conceptual analysis framework of Walker and Avant (2019). After consolidating relevant definitions, role stress in nurses is summarized as the perceived discrepancy between what nurses believe they should achieve in their roles and their actual performance during or after their duties. This discrepancy often results in stress and dissatisfaction. Typical, borderline, contrary, and related case studies are utilized to gain deeper insights into the concept of role stress in nurses. The analysis identifies factors influencing role stress and its potential outcomes. By employing commonly used objective assessment tools, this study aims to measure and understand the extent of role stress among nurses. Through this conceptual analysis, the goal is to enable government bodies and healthcare management to better comprehend the nature of role stress in nurses. Such understanding is critical for helping nurses manage stress, improving the nursing work environment, enhancing job satisfaction, reducing turnover rates, and ultimately elevating the standard of patient care.