論誤導型收費之國際發展趨勢——以滴灌標價為核心

事業競爭產品的銷售量，在產品的標價上，顯示較其他競爭者更低的價格；惟在消費者交易的過程中，增加稅額、行政費、手續費等費用，致使消費者實際支付的金額顯然高於產品原先標示的價格。此不僅影響消費者的權益，亦將因事業誤導產品金額，消費者於選購後，即不再選擇競爭者的產品，影響市場競爭。學理上有稱於交易過程中，逐漸增加付款金額的銷售方式為滴灌標價，或垃圾費用。為解決此問題，加拿大《競爭法》於2022年修法明示禁止滴灌標價，於2023年有首例適用新法之案此件；美國於2023年提出《垃圾費用預防法》（草案），並修正相關法規；新加坡競爭與消費者委員會，則提出《價格透明度處理原則》。本文擬分析滴灌標價之誤導型收費的國際立法與執法案例，並歸納相關之發展趨勢與建議。

For competing the sales of products, the enterprise shows the lower price than other competitors'. However, on the transaction process, the enterprise adds tax, administrative fees, handling fee, etc. on the products. The consumers actually pay more than the original price. Misleading price caused by the enterprise results in consumers choosing the products but no longer choosing the competitors'. It not only influences the rights and interests of consumers, but also impacts the market competition. In theory, the marketing tactics of increasing payment during transaction process is called drip pricing or junk fee. To solving the problem, the revised Canadian Competition Act had prohibited drip pricing in 2022, and there was the first case applying to the revised Competition Act in 2023. United States Congress introduced Junk Fee Prevention Act (draft), and revised the related regulations in 2023. The Competition and Consumer Commission of Singapore proposed Guidelines on Price Transparency. The thesis will analyze the international legislation of misleading charges and cases, summarize relevant development trends, and give some suggestions.