以事件鏈角度分析國道客運駕駛車內分心行為樣態及行車異常事件

A CHAIN-BASED ANALYSIS OF HIGHWAY BUS DRIVER IN-VEHICLE DISTRACTION BEHAVIOR PATTERNS AND DANGEROUS DRIVING EVENTS

駕駛分心常被認為是道路交通事故重要影響因子，然過去對駕駛分心研究多侷限於小客車駕駛，且多由事故發生的角度回推分心的影響。本研究提出五階段警示事件鏈概念，以先進駕駛輔助系統警示事件為標的，分析不同行車動態與車流環境下，警示發生前後分心動作之樣態以及對行車異常事件之影響。本研究蒐集200趟次、2,558個警示事件資料，透過二元羅吉斯特迴歸及序列探勘分析，驗證所提事件鏈架構之可行性。研究結果發現，手離開方向盤與擺頭為國道客運駕駛常見之分心動作，然造成警示事件異常化的分心動作實為連續或同時出現多個手部分心動作；在本車車道變換、行駛於彎道或匝道時，或ADAS警示發生後10秒內之分心動作；以及法律規定不得出現（例如手持手機）或明顯有危害行車安全之分心動作（例如雙手離開方向盤）。本研究之分析結果除可加強對大客車駕駛分心樣態之了解，亦可作為業者或主管機關教育訓練職業駕駛人參考，事件鏈分析之方法議題亦一併於文中討論。

Driver distraction has been regarded as one of the most important factors to road traffic accidents; however, prior studies mostly focused on small-vehicle drivers and examined the association of distraction with accidents only. The present study proposes a five-staged event-chain framework for analyzing ADAS events; in particular, the pattern of driver distractions before and after warning onsets and their association with dangerous events are examined. Based on 200 trip and 2,558 event data, the study develops binary logistic regression and sequential mining models. The analysis results show that hands leaving the steering wheel and head movements were two most commonly observed distraction behaviors. However, the behaviors that truly endangered safety were simultaneous multiple distraction behaviors, or behaviors that occurred in lane changing or when the bus was on the ramp. Behaviors that are prohibited in laws (e.g., hand holding mobile phones) or explicitly obvious dangerous behaviors (e.g., both hand leaving the steering wheel) were also clearly related to dangerous events. The analysis results could shed lights on our understanding about large passenger vehicle drivers’distraction behaviors, and the findings could be a useful reference to operators and governments for training occupational drivers. The methodological issues related to constructing event chains are also discussed in the paper.