台灣民宿政策與法規的制度演化：制度分析與路徑依賴的觀點

Institutional Evolution of Taiwan’s Bed and Breakfast Policy and Regulation: From the Perspectives of Institutional Analysis and Path Dependence Theory

台灣的民宿法規制訂於進入世界貿易組織前夕的2001年，本文的主要目的是以制度分析與路徑依賴理論的觀點檢視台灣民宿政策近二十年來的思維與轉折。本文以個人訪談法、內容分析法與直接觀察法等質性研究方法，分析台灣民宿法令、定義與政策管理的問題。研究結論指出凡是制度設計皆有其特殊時空的歷史因素及社經環境，制度施行後並產生自我強化的路徑依賴特性，包括法令體系、政策執行組織的自我強化。因此，既有體制的自我強化提高了制度變遷的難度，以及阻礙與時俱進地重新修改台灣民宿的定義。另外，因為公共政策制度設計有其時空的特殊性，所以制度學習不能只是照搬法令條文。

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze Taiwan’s B&B regulation and formal institution, first established in 2001, from the perspectives of institutional analysis and path dependence theory. Personal interviews, content analysis, and direct observation methods are adopted as research methods. Research findings indicate that the formulation of laws and policies regarding Taiwan’s B&B sector is historically dependent. In addition, there is a self-enforcement effect, including regulation system and administrative organization, during the process of policy administration. Therefore, the self-enforcement effect raises the threshold for institutional change and hinders the redefinition of laws and regulations. Additionally, it’s definitely wrong for institutional learning by copying regulation only because of the unique spatial and temporal context of institutional design.