牡蠣養殖產業經濟與損益平衡分析

Analysis on the Economical Aspect and Break-Even Point of Oyster Farming

牡蠣為臺灣大宗養殖水產品之一，主要養殖區域分布在西南沿海與澎湖，其中嘉義縣的牡蠣養殖因有外傘頂洲作為天然屏障之優勢，牡蠣產量長年居全國之冠，約占全國產量四成左右。惟受環境變遷、極端氣候與國際貿易等影響，使牡蠣養殖經營更具風險與不確定性。基此，為瞭解牡蠣養殖的經營損益概況與產業發展途徑，本研究以嘉義縣為研究對象，運用田野調查、深度訪談，以及損益平衡分析，探討嘉義縣平掛式牡蠣與浮筏式牡蠣的養殖成本、經營效益及損益平衡。實證過程除瞭解嘉義縣牡蠣產業的養殖成本與產業發展情況外，也發現牡蠣養殖漁民面臨經營不確定性，使其養殖風險提高，影響永續經營。研究結果希望能提供政府部門與產業界未來因應環境與氣候變遷，或國際市場競爭對牡蠣產業之衝擊影響評估之參考，也建議政策上應以產業永續發展與提升韌性為目標，並提供未來因應極端氣候及環境變遷影響時，牡蠣產業的調適策略，同時持續關注牡蠣養殖漁民的經營情況，以及穩定國內牡蠣生產量，以應對國際市場競爭對牡蠣產業之衝擊。

Oysters are one of the main aquaculture products of Taiwan, specifically along the southwest coast of Taiwan and in Penghu. Chiayi County has consistently been the largest producer of oysters in Taiwan, attributable to its proximity to the natural barrier of the Waisanding Sandbar. Roughly 40% of oysters in Taiwan are produced in Chiayi County. However, environmental changes, extreme weather events, and international trade, among other factors, have exposed oyster farming to greater risks and uncertainties. For this reason, this study is conducted to ascertain the business status and development process of oyster farming in Chiayi County. Field investigation, in-depth interview, and analysis of break-even point are employed to investigate the aquaculture costs, operation efficiency, and break-even point of oyster aquaculture practiced using cradle and floating racks. This empirical study not only sheds light into the production costs and development status of oyster farming in Chiayi County. It also reveals the operational uncertainties faced by oyster aquafarmers, which increases the risk of oyster farming, thus affecting the sustainability of this sector. This research is expected to benefit the government and industrial sectors as follows: (1) The findings provide a reference for assessing the impact of environmental and climate changes or the effects of international trade on oyster farming. (2) The study offers policy suggestions aimed at making oyster farming more sustainable and resilient. (3) The results can be used to formulate strategies through which the oyster industry can adapt to climate change. (4) This research raises awareness of the current status of oyster aquafarmers and helps stabilize oyster production in Taiwan, thereby mitigating the impact of international trade competition on the oyster industry.