空間交混與文化錯置：從三篇臺灣山岳賦談起

Hybrid Space and Cultural Displacement: A Discussion of on Three Taiwanese Mountains Rhapsodies

從明鄭、清代到日治時期，臺灣除了有豐富的古典詩歌作品，辭賦也歷代有佳篇。過去學者已經注意到臺灣賦裡與海洋、與棄地、與戰爭或遺民等主題。但本文試圖從空間理論與人文地理學作為切入點，以臺灣賦裡描寫山岳的題材為範疇，聚焦於三個臺籍的辭賦家，觀察這幾位作家如何在賦裡鋪衍臺灣的山岳，並將這些山岳與中國大陸、與經典裡的文獻、神話裡的傳說歷史進行對照。空間理論裡有個饒富趣味的說法，一個外來的他者佔據中心位置之後，原本的空間會產生錯置，但當他者離開中心位置，這些錯置的空間會再回到主體之內。在這些臺灣山岳賦裡，我們看到空間的錯置性，也看到認知的空間與心靈的空間交互作用，誕生出所謂的「第三空間」。而也就在心物不斷交融與辯證之中，呈現出臺灣這樣的地景複雜卻又多元的文化意涵。

Taiwan has a wealth of classical poems and rhapsodies dating from the Ming and Qing dynasties through the Japanese occupation period, and there are also lots of excellent rhapsodies in all dynasties. Researchers in the past have noted several themes found in Taiwanese rhapsodies, such as oceans, abandoned land, war, or remnant supporters of previous dynasties. This article employs theories of space and human geography to analyze the rhapsodies of three Taiwanese authors that center on mountains. The article not only examines how these writers depict the mountains in their rhapsodies, it also compares the mountains with those in mainland China as well as the descriptions found in the ancient books and mythological accounts. There is an interesting position advanced in spatial theory that after a foreign other occupies the central position; there will be a displacement in the original space. However, when the other leaves the center, these misplaced spaces will return to the subject. In these Taiwanese mountain rhapsodies, we can see the above-mentioned spatial displacement, and also how the interaction between cognitive spaces generates a ''third space.'' Based on the dialectics between the writers’minds and the foreign objects in this third space, Taiwan’s rhapsodies presented the complex landscapes and the cultural meaning of Taiwan.