國族精神總牧區中的聖化獨裁者天宇之城──「中山樓」之空間表徵形塑（1959-1975）

Sanctified Celestial Dictatorship City in National Spiritual Pastoral Area: The Shaping of Spatial Representation of ''Zhongshan Hall'',1964-1975

本研究根據傳統建構論探討「中山樓」符徵背後的意識形態內容，研究1959到1975年間，國民黨政權如何延續1920年代中期以降奠定的「擬列寧政黨」的黨國體制，進行對孫中山象徵資產的空間表徵塑造。儀禮空間宣講式會堂轉化於教堂建築，搭配宗教牧區概念和層級化結構，體現於中國各地的中山堂，並延伸在具有國族精神總牧區意涵的「中山樓」和「中華文化堂」，以及其他新建的中山堂或沿用日治時期的會堂、禮堂。本研究亦追溯「中山樓」天壇意象的表徵意涵，如何源自晚清立憲，逐步跟美國會共和象徵及孫中山的獻祭融合，呈現激進革命與普遍王權結合的獨特視角，國府遷台又因中華文化復興運動強化道統說而增加明堂意涵，賦予政權領導者兼具國族精神總牧道者和王權意涵，實施威權統治，則當「中山樓」作為「聖化獨裁者的天宇之城」，美國共和意象僅為表淺。

This paper explores the ideological content behind the symbol of the ''Zhongshan Hall'' based on traditional constructivism. It examines how the Kuomintang (KMT) regime, from 1959 to 1975, continued the ''quasi-Leninist party'' system established since the mid-1920s by spatially representing Sun Yat-sen's symbolic assets. Ritual spaces were transformed into church-like buildings, incorporating the concept of a religious parish and hierarchical structure. This projection extended from the Sun Yat-Sen Mausoleum, the highest beacon of national spirit, to Zhongshan Halls across China, including the ''Zhongshan Hall'' and the ''Chinese Culture Hall,'' as well as other newly built or repurposed Zhongshan Halls from the Japanese colonial period. The research also traces the symbolic meaning of the ''Zhongshan Hall'' as it relates to the Temple of Heaven, originating from the late Qing constitutional era, gradually merging with the American Capitol's republican symbolism and Sun Yat-Sen's sacrificial legacy. This presents a unique perspective combining radical revolution with universal kingship. After the KMT moved to Taiwan, the concept of the Ming Tang was reinforced by the Chinese Cultural Renaissance Movement, endowing the regime's leaders with dual roles as national spiritual shepherds and kingship figures, thus implementing authoritarian rule. Therefore, while the ''Zhongshan Hall'' was perceived as the ''Celestial City of the Sanctified Dictator,'' the American republican imagery remained superficial.