後《巴黎協定》之氣候變遷與海洋治理：兼論我國之藍碳政策發展

Climate Change and Ocean Governance in the Post-Paris Agreement Era: A Discussion on Taiwan’s Policy Development

氣候變遷與溫室氣體管制規範等議題長期以來備受全球關注，此等關注促成重要的國際條約簽署，也影響各國的氣候政策。目前氣候政策乃依循兩大主軸，分別是「調適」氣候變遷所帶來的衝擊以及「減緩」溫室氣體之排放。而2015年通過《巴黎協定》後，更宣示2050溫室氣體零排放的目標。海洋作為氣候變遷的關鍵角色，儘管有諸多研究討論海洋受氣候變遷之影響，然而，以海洋為基礎作為減緩氣候變遷之措施卻是《巴黎協定》後才獲國際關注與討論，海洋被認定是重要碳匯場域，故後《巴黎協定》之氣候政策將緊繫海洋政策。順應國際氣候治理發展趨勢的臺灣，甫於2023年新修訂《氣候變遷丙應法》，在新修法的框架下，臺灣的海洋政策如何對應氣候變遷治理則有研究必要。本文檢視全球氣候變遷與海洋之法律政策框架和美國、澳5州、日本與歐盟相關海洋氣候行動，比較各國及歐盟如何加強和整合國家海洋氣候行動，並硏析我國的溫室氣體管理制度，藉由新修法規範提出我國海洋政策發展的組織層面與政策層面建議，從而探知我國海洋藍碳政策之發展走向。

Climate change and greenhouse gas emissions regulations have long been the focus of global attention. The attention has led to the signing of important international treaties and has also influenced countries’domestic climate policies. Climate governance presently encompasses two principal strategies: adapting to the impacts of climate change and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. After the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015, there is a global commitment to achieve zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. While numerous articles have studied the impacts of climate change on the oceans, ocean-based solutions for mitigating climate change have only gained international attention and discussion after the Paris Agreement. The ocean is recognized as a crucial carbon sink; hence, post the Paris Agreement, climate policies have become closely intertwined with ocean policies. In response to the international climate governance, Taiwan amended its law and adopted the Climate Change Response Act in 2023. Under the framework of the new Act, it is necessary to study how Taiwan’s ocean policy will develop and respond to climate change governance. This article examines the ocean and climate change governance of international regime and state practices the United States, Australia, Japan, and the European Union (EU). It compares how these countries and the EU strengthen and integrate national marine climate actions and analyzes Taiwan's greenhouse gas management system. Furthermore, this analysis delves into the provisions of Taiwan’s Climate Change Response Act. Through the analysis of the revised act, this paper offers organizational and policy-level suggestions for the development of Taiwan’s marine policy, thereby exploring the development trajectory of Taiwan's marine blue carbon policy.