考慮永續性之汽車貨櫃運輸供應商評選及託運任務分配

SUPPLIER SELECTION AND CONSIGNMENT ALLOCATION FOR CONTAINER DRAYAGE WITH CONSIDERATION OF SUSTAINABILITY

貨櫃拖車在貨櫃航運中扮演著重要的角色，並為貨櫃複合式運輸中不可缺少之服務。隨著貨櫃運輸需求成長，為了維持競爭力，貨櫃航商必須滿足日益增加之貨櫃內陸託運需求。同時，面對日益提高的永續意識壓力，貨櫃航商除了有效降低營運成本外，亦必須思考善盡企業社會責任。對於貨櫃航商而言，如何挑選適合的汽車貨櫃運輸供應商(於本研究即為貨櫃拖車公司)，並且如何進行供應商之貨櫃內陸運輸託運任務分配，已成為貨櫃航商的重要管理活動。故本研究第一階段探討汽車貨櫃運輸供應商之評選準則重要性權重，並且據此評選供應商。本研究第一階段應用層級分析法(analytic hierarchy process, AHP)建構汽車貨櫃運輸供應商之評選層級架構。本研究第二階段建立合適本研究之成本效益分析(cost-benefit analysis, CBA)模型，以針對遴選出之供應商評估其內陸貨櫃託運任務分配之方案。考慮可能發生的成本與可產生的效益，針對託運任務分配進行經濟、環境與社會層面的評估，以增加個案公司競爭優勢。透過案例分析，本研究的分析結果顯示：(1)有關汽車貨櫃運輸供應商評選，排序最高的準則為「服務表現」，「供應能力」次之，「永續管理」排序第三；(2)排序最高的次準則為「互惠調度能力」；(3)層級分析法能夠有效的評選汽車貨櫃運輸供應商，並且成本效益分析模式能夠有效的評估託運任務分配方案。

Container drayage plays an important role in container shipping, and it functions as an indispensable service for intermodal transportation with containers. With the growth of container transportation, for maintaining competitiveness, container carriers need to meet the increasing demand of inland container transportation. Meanwhile, in the face of the rising pressure of sustainability awareness, in addition to effectively reducing operating costs, container carriers also need to take corporate social responsibility into consideration. For container carriers, how to effectively select suitable suppliers of container drayage (container trailer companies herein) and allocate the consignments to suppliers have become essential management activities. Therefore, in this paper, the first stage is to investigate the importance weights of selection criteria, and selects container drayage service suppliers accordingly. By using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in the first stage, this paper constructs a hierarchy for selecting container drayage service suppliers. Next, the second stage builds a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) model suitable for this study to investigate the alternatives of consignment allocation for selected suppliers. Taking the possible costs and benefits into consideration, the consignment allocation alternatives are evaluated with the economic, environmental and social perspectives for enhancing the case company's competitive advantage. Through the analysis of a case, the results of this study indicate that: (1) for the selection of container drayage service suppliers, the highest ranking criterion is“service performance”, and the criterion of“sustainability management”ranked third; (2) the highest ranking subcriterion is“reciprocal dispatching ability”; (3) AHP can effectively select container drayage service suppliers, and CBA can effectively evaluate consignment allocation alternatives.