自然且發展原則的行為療育模式於當代自閉症早期療育

Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions in Contemporary Early Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorder

當代自閉症早期療育模式的發展，延續應用行為分析的基礎，結合發展心理學、社會神經科學的觀點，這類的早期療育模式，可以統稱為自然且具發展原則的療育模式（naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions）。此模式有3個基本特徵：（一）整合療育目標，要將多項發展領域，整合在療育的活動中。（二）重視療育的情境，要創造對自閉症兒童有意義的活動，重視關係及情緒酬賞價值，促進學習的類化。（三）促進發展的策略，這包括能引發高動機的活動、適切的提示原則，且融合在可預測的日常作息中。本文簡要介紹NDBI模式的理論基礎，回顧這些在實證科學中的發現，並提出NDBI模式帶來的啟發與挑戰。

The development of a contemporary early intervention for autism spectrum disorder, based on applied behavior analysis, integrates perspectives from developmental psychology and social neuroscience. These early intervention programs are Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBI). The NDBI model exhibits three fundamental characteristics: (1) Integrated Intervention Goals: The NDBI model aims to integrate multiple developmental domains within intervention activities. (2). Contextual Emphasis: NDBI prioritizes creating meaningful activities for children with ASD, emphasizing the value of relationships and emotion-infused rewards to facilitate learning and generalization. (3). Development-Promoting Strategies: These strategies within the NDBI model include engaging activities to stimulate high motivation, appropriate prompting principles, and integration into predictable daily routines. This article briefly introduces the theoretical basis of the NDBI model, reflecting on its empirical findings within the scientific literature, and outlines the implications brought about by the NDBI model.