警察執行精神衛生法強制送醫任務之困境——兼評2022年修正案

如何處理精神病患危機，攸關社會安全網之健全程度，精神衛生法於2022年修正時參酌美國國家精神健康聯盟之建議，成立危機介入小組，以期透過精神醫療團隊前往現場協助警察人員處理疑似精神病患之強制送醫事宜，解決現行警政系統主張不具判斷應否強制送醫之專業能力的爭議。然危機介入小組強調警察人員應接受一定之精神衛生專業訓練，惟修正案對此並無任何表示，亦未提供足夠之精神衛生專業協助，故能否有效達成修法目的，似存疑義。為了解爾後精神衛生法可再改進之空間，本文由警察任務之內涵及近代行政措施脫警察化之發展趨勢談起，其次分析警察人員於執行強制送醫任務時所存在之困境，再介紹危機介入小組等機制於國外之運作概況，最後分析本次修正案可能存在之問題，並提出精神衛生法爾後可再予改善之二項建議，亦即：1、宜就警政系統與精神衛生系統之任務分配再行調整，並強化精神衛生專業人員於精神病患危機現場之功能；2、精神衛生系統應協助警政系統加強相關訓練，以改善警察人員處理精神病患危機之專業能力，進而使警政系統能確實與精神衛生系統共同合作處理精神病患危機。

How to deal with the mental health crisis is related to the soundness of the social safety net. The 2022 amendment of the Mental Health Act includes the proposal to set up the Crisis Intervention Team to assist the police officers in dealing with the involuntary escort of suspected mental illness through the presence of a mental health team. This will resolve the controversy that the police system claims that it does not have the professional capacity to judge the need for involuntary escort. However, the Crisis Intervention Team emphasizes that police officers should receive certain professional training in mental health, but the amendment does not regulate this, so it is doubtful whether the purpose of the amendment can be effectively achieved. In order to understand the room for further improvement of the Mental Health Act, this paper starts with the connotation of police tasks and the development trend of depolicing in modern times. Secondly, it analyzes the law enforcement difficulties existing in involuntary escort. Third, introduce the operation of the Crisis Intervention Team and other mechanisms in foreign countries. Finally, the following suggestions are put forward: adjust the task allocation between the police system and the mental health system, and enhancing the function of mental health professionals in the scene of mental health crisis; the Mental Health Act should emphasize the importance of professional training.