不同月經階段從事高強度間歇運動對脈波傳導速率與血壓之急性影響

緒論：高強度間歇運動(high-intensity interval exercise, HIIE)已被證實對改善心血管功能具有積極效果。然而，大多數研究關注HIIE對血管功能的影響並沒有聚焦於女性，目前已知女性於不同月經階段對動脈硬度的改善可能存在差異。不同月經階段進行HIIE對其血管功能的影響仍需進一步釐清。因此，本研究旨在探討健康年輕女性在不同月經階段參與HIIE後對心血管功能的急性影響，以釐清對心血管功能的效益。方法：招募13名有規律運動習慣之大專女性為對象，並透過月經週期狀況問卷確定受試者的月經週期狀況。在正式HIIE前1週，測量受試者最大心率峰值(peak heart rate, HRpeak)後，於同一月經週期之濾泡期、黃體期各進行一次HIIE，每次運動包括10次90% HRpeak強度訓練1分鐘及間歇休息1分鐘，並分別在運動前(Rest)、運動後立即(T0)、運動後15分鐘(T15)、30分鐘(T30)、45分鐘(T45)、60分鐘(T60)檢測血壓及指趾脈波傳導速率(finger-toe pulse wave velocity, ftPWV)。本研究採重複量數二因子變異數分析進行統計處理。此外，使用梯形規則計算Rest-T0期間ftPWV、收縮壓、舒張壓之曲線下面積增量(incremental area under the curve, iAUC)，並透過相依樣本t檢定分析iAUC的差異。結果：ftPWV在Rest、T0、T15和T30，黃體期組顯著低於濾泡期組(p < .05)。收縮壓在Rest，黃體期組顯著低於濾泡期組(p < .05)；而濾泡期組在T30、T45和T60，收縮壓顯著低於Rest (p < .05)。舒張壓在Rest、T30、T45和T60，黃體期顯著低於濾泡期(p < .05)。在Rest-T0期間，黃體期之ftPWV-iAUC、SBP-iAUC、DBP-iAUC均顯著低於濾泡期(p < .05)。結論：健康年輕女性在濾泡期從事HIIE，可以獲得最佳的心血管刺激效果，而在黃體期進行運動則可能有助於減少對血管功能的負面影響。

Introduction: High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has demonstrated positive effects on cardiovascular function improvement. However, research on HIIE’s effects on vascular function often lacks focus on women despite known variations in arterial stiffness improvement across different menstrual stages. Consequently, the effects of HIIE performed during various menstrual phases on vascular function in women remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the acute effects of HIIE on cardiovascular function in healthy young women across different menstrual phases to elucidate its cardiovascular benefits. Methods: We recruited 13 regularly exercising female college students and determined their menstrual cycle status through a questionnaire. One week before formal HIIE, we measured the participants’peak heart rate (HRpeak). Next, HIIE sessions were conducted during the follicular and luteal phases within the same menstrual cycle. Each session consisted of 10 one-minute bouts of exercise at 90% HRpeak intensity, followed by one minute of rest. Blood pressure and finger-toe pulse wave velocity (ftPWV) were measured at rest, immediately postexercise (T0), and at 15-minute intervals up to 60 minutes post-exercise (T15, T30, T45, T60). The statistical analysis used two-way repeated measures ANOVA. The trapezoidal rule was used to calculate the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for ftPWV, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from rest to T0, with differences analyzed using a paired samples ttest. Results: ftPWV was significantly lower in the luteal phase group than in the follicular phase group at rest, T0, T15, and T30 (p < 0.05). SBP was significantly lower in the luteal phase group at rest (p < 0.05) and in the follicular phase group at T30, T45, and T60 compared to rest (p < 0.05). DBP was significantly lower in the luteal phase group at rest, T30, T45, and T60 (p < 0.05). The iAUC for ftPWV, SBP, and DBP were significantly lower in the luteal phase group than in the follicular phase group during the rest-T0 period (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Healthy young women can achieve optimal cardiovascular stimulation by engaging in HIIE during the follicular phase, while exercising during the luteal phase may help reduce the adverse effects on vascular function.