系統性回顧與統合分析研究之報告準則：PRISMA 2020在體育運動科學的簡介與應用

系統性回顧與統合分析之研究取向能夠為研究者統整某個領域於特定時間內的知識進展，提供未來研究方向，甚至為政策擬定與實務應用提供更為精準的依據。而體育運動是一以實務應用為導向的科學領域，研究者可從醫學、生理學、心理學、營養學、生物力學以及認知神經科學等面向對各種不同介入方式對個體生心理健康、運動行為、運動員肌力及體能、受傷回場和運動表現等議題進行探討。近年來，更是有許多體育運動領域之研究者運用系統性回顧與統合分析，為不同介入對運動表現、生心理健康與傷害預防有效性與否提供整合性的證據。而系統性回顧與統合分析首選報告項目聲明書(preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement, PRISMA statement)是許多國際期刊審查系統性回顧與統合分析標準的重要報告準則，故有效地應用PRISMA聲明書撰寫系統性回顧與統合分析研究，熟悉該聲明對於體育運動領域研究之發展有其必要性。本文旨在簡要介紹PRISMA聲明書之起源與沿革、並簡述PRISMA 2020報告項目的主要改變，以及其檢核表說明和在體育運動領域之應用，並呈現繁體中文版之PRISMA2020檢核表、摘要檢核表，以及PRISMA 2020與2009主要差異比較表，藉此提供明確且可獲取的資源予體育運動領域正在撰寫系統性回顧與統合分析之研究者作為參考，並希冀未來臺灣以中文撰寫之系統性文獻回顧文章，可詳細參閱本文以及附錄考核項目表，以確保報告的一致性、透明度與完整性。

The research orientation of systematic reviews and meta-analyses enables researchers to synthesize the knowledge progression within a specific field over a defined period, providing insights for future research directions and offering more precise foundations for policy-making and practical applications. Being a field primarily focused on practical applications, sports science allows researchers to explore the effects of various interventions on individual physical and mental health, exercise behavior, athletes’strength and conditioning, injury rehabilitation, and sports performance from medical, physiological, psychological, nutritional, biomechanical, and cognitive neuroscience perspectives. In recent years, an increasing number of systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been conducted in the sports science field to synthesize evidence on the efficacy of different interventions in improving mental and physical health, injury rehabilitation and prevention, and sports performance. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines are a crucial set of reporting criteria widely adopted by international journals for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Therefore, the effective application of the PRISMA statement in developing systematic reviews and meta-analyses is essential, given its significance in the development of sports science research. This article aims to briefly introduce the origin and evolution of the PRISMA statement, outline the major changes in the PRISMA 2020 reporting items, explain the checklist, and discuss its application in the sports science field. It presents the traditional Chinese version of the PRISMA 2020 checklist, abstract checklist, and a comparison table highlighting the main differences between PRISMA 2020 and 2009, providing clear and accessible resources for researchers in the sports science field who conduct systematic reviews and meta-analyses. It is anticipated that authors in Taiwan conducting systematic reviews or meta-analyses will refer to this article and the accompanying checklist to ensure consistent, transparent, and complete reporting.