臺灣濕地類型分布變遷分析

臺灣為推動濕地生態保育，濕地保育法業已施行9年，惟對於臺灣濕地類型、分布及時空變遷等基礎且重要問題未明瞭。本研究使用先前之研究以內政部國土測繪中心分別於2006~2008年與2010~2011年產製之國土利用現況調查成果圖層，與拉姆薩公約之濕地分類類型依其定義進行配對，配合相關參考圖層與影像，萃取濕地與產製之2期濕地分布圖層，以地理資訊系統軟體將2期圖層分別篩選各類型濕地，進行套疊與產製變遷圖層，以瞭解2期各類型濕地之變遷情況。2期國土利用現況調查成果資料分析濕地類型面積變化，總濕地面積增加約1.2萬ha，其中海洋／海岸濕地面積增加近9千ha，內陸濕地面積增加近2萬ha，人為濕地面積減少1萬6千多ha，主要影響變化因素包括6m等水深線西移，西南沿海沙洲、泥灘及潟湖之縮減，影像解析度提高編繪數量增加，土地經營型態改變，以及土地利用分類系統類別變動等。

Taiwan has implemented wetland conservation laws for nine years to promote ecological preservation. However, fundamental and crucial issues regarding the types, distribution, and spatiotemporal changes of wetlands still need clarification. This study surveyed previous research findings from the Land Use Investigation data produced by the National Land Surveying and Mapping Center, Ministry of the Interior, for the years 2006-2008 and 2010-2011. These results were matched with the wetland classification types defined by the Ramsar Convention according to their respective definitions, and relevant reference layers and images were used primarily to extract wetland distribution maps for the two specific periods covered by the land use surveys. A geographic information system (GIS) software was employed to extract and produce wetland types and distribution layers, allowing an understanding of the changes in wetland types. The analysis revealed changes in the area of wetland types in the two periods. The total wetland area increased by approximately 12,000 hectares, with coastal/marine wetland area increasing by nearly 9,000 hectares and inland wetland area increasing by almost 20,000 hectares. However, the anthropogenic wetland area decreased by over 16,000 hectares. Key factors influencing these changes include the westward shift of the 6-meter depth contour, reduction in southwestern coastal sandbars, mudflats, and lagoons, increased mapping quantity due to improved image resolution, changes in land management practices, and alterations in land use classification system categories.