就業家庭照顧者之生活品質及相關因素探討

本研究目的在探討使用居家護理失能老人之就業家庭照顧者的生活品質及影響因素，採橫斷式相關性研究設計，以雙北市八家居家護理機構使用居家護理失能老人的就業家庭照顧者為研究對象，使用結構式問卷共收集153份有效問卷進行分析。研究結果顯示，使用居家護理失能老人的就業家庭照顧者：(1)以女性、已婚、專科及以上學歷者居多，八成以上為老人的子女；(2)平均已參與照顧6.08年、每週照顧時數39.11小時，超過兩成除照顧老人外還需照顧其他失能家人或3歲以下幼兒；(3)有五成以上全職工作，每週工作時間平均38.86小時，工作時間上可有些彈性承擔家庭照顧責任、工作與家庭照顧相結合有點困難，職場疲勞各構面得分以個人疲勞最高，依次為工作過度投入、工作疲勞及服務對象疲勞；(4)近六成有看護協助照顧，與失能老人的相依關係為中等程度、社會支持為中等以上程度；(5)整體生活品質平均53.64分(總分80分)，四個範疇得分以生理健康範疇最高、心理健康範疇最低，相依關係、社會支持、個人疲勞及工作疲勞為整體生活品質重要的預測因子(F = 8.828, p < .001)，可解釋48.1%變異量。研究結果有助瞭解使用居家護理失能老人就業家庭照顧者生活品質的情況，做為未來臨床實務、教學及政策參考依據，以提升就業家庭照顧者的生活品質。

The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of life and related factors of employed family caregivers of the disabled elderly using home care services. A cross-sectional, correlational research design was used. Subjects were from eight home care institutions in Taipei City and New Taipei City. A total of 153 employed family caregivers of the disabled elderly using home care services were recruited. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The results showed that regarding the employed family caregivers of the disabled elderly using home care services, (1) the majority were female, married, had a college degree or above, and more than 80% of the caregivers were the children of the elderly; (2) they had participated in caring for 6.08 years on average with the weekly care time of 39.11 hours, and more than 20% of them needed to take care of other disabled family members or children under 3 years old; (3) more than 50% of them worked full-time, with an average working time of 38.86 hours per week, had some flexibility in working hours to undertake family care responsibilities, and had slight difficulty in combining work and family care. Personal burnout was the highest score in the four subscales for occupational burnout inventory, followed by over-commitment to work, work-related burnout, and clientrelated burnout; (4) nearly 60% of them had a caretaker to assist in caring, and their mutuality with the disabled elderly was moderate, with social support being moderate or above; (5) the mean score of overall quality of life was 53.64 out of 80 with the highest score in the physical aspect and lowest score in the psychological aspect. Mutuality, social support, personal burnout, and work-related burnout were significant predictive variables for quality of life (F = 8.828, p < .001), contributing to 48.1% of the variance. We hope these study results could help to understand the quality of life of employed family caregivers of the disabled elderly using home care services and serve as a reference for future nursing practice, education, and policy to improve the quality of life of the target population.