亞太區域貿易協定中原產地規則的悖論與出路——以RCEP為例

The Paradox and Solution of the Origin Rules in Asia-Pacific Regional Trade Agreements: Take RCEP as an Example

區域貿易協定中原產地規則的制度目的本是讓企業享受優惠關稅以降低其交易成本，但當前亞太自貿格局中卻存在著一種制度悖論，即利用原產地規則反會抬高交易成本，致使貿易協定利用率長期偏低。此種制度悖論產生的原因有三：規則間交錯重疊導致的“意大利麵條碗現象”、實體規則限制程度高、程序規則便利程度差。RCEP原產地規則在解決前述問題方面有較大的創新和突破，但其規則設計上依舊有很大的改善空間。要真正破解原產地規則的制度悖論，應當推動原產地規則的區域協調，增強原產地規則本身的吸引力，並實現制度設計由政府本位向企業本位轉變。

The institutional purpose of preferential rules of origin (hereinafter“ROOs”) is to allow enterprises to enjoy preferential tariffs to reduce the transactions costs. However, there is a paradox in the current Asia-Pacific Regional Trade Agreements (hereinafter“RTA”) patterns that the use of ROOs will conversely raise the transactions costs. Consequently, the RTA utilization rate is at a chronically low level. The factors leading to this paradox can be attributed to three points: the“spaghetti bowl phenomenon”caused by overlapping ROOs, highly restrictive substantive rules and inconvenient procedural rules. ROOs in RCEP is a major innovation and breakthrough in solving these problems, but there are still some defects in the current ROOs. Promoting regional harmonization of ROOs, enhancing the attractiveness of the ROOs as well as transforming the system design from government- based to enterprise-based shall be the core endeavours in the future.