翻譯中國．再現摩登：林語堂「小評論」之法譯行旅

Translating China, Representing Modernity: The Journey of Lin Yutang's ''The Little Critic'' in French Translation

「兩腳踏東西文化，一心評宇宙文章」的林語堂（1895-1976），1927年回到上海，期間除陸續主編《論語》、《人間世》、《宇宙風》、《天下》、《西風》等刊物外，同時擔任英文《中國評論週報》（The China Critic）「小評論」（“The Little Critic”）專欄主筆。林語堂發表在《中國評論週報》「小評論」上的英文隨筆，不久後便結集成冊出版。不讓英語版本專美於前，林語堂的「小評論」隨即很快被譯成了法文，同步刊登在《北京政聞報》（La Politique de Pékin, 1914-1940）上，並且由該社出版了單行本《中國幽默－隨筆、諷刺與小品集》（L'Humour chinois ou Recueil d'essais, satires et esquisses），成為後來林語堂之文學作品旅行歐洲的先導。
林語堂「小評論」時期的英文隨筆，後來不少又為他改寫成中文發表，此段文學實踐在林語堂文學生涯中的階段性意義，已為人指出，然此時期林語堂雙語寫作在其文風形塑、文學觀點凝成上的意涵，及其靈感來源等，仍有待深入考察。此外，林語堂「小評論」的法譯歷程，也一直較少受到關注。本文即以林語堂的「小評論」法譯始末為中心，爬梳林語堂的「小評論」在民初上海多語多文化空間中誕生、轉譯的歷程，並參酌班雅明（Walter Benjamin，1892-1940）所言之「全景文學」（la littérature panoramique）觀點，從「隨筆」、「素描」此一文類在世界各地生成、轉化的視角，探討林語堂此一誕生於世界文化快速流動，中西思潮薈萃之地上海的「小評論」文學實踐背後所涉及的中國現代散文美學形塑、譯寫中國與想像世界的雙面性，與現代性再現等多重意涵，以填補相關研究的空白。

Renowned for his motto ''Feet in both Eastern and Western cultures, heart in critiquing the universe,'' Lin Yutang (1895-1976) returned to Shanghai in 1927. Besides serving as the editor-in-chief for publications such as Lunyu論語(The Analects), Renjianshi人間世(This Human World), Yuzhoufeng宇宙風(Cosmic Wind), Tianxia天下(T'ien Hsia), and Xifeng西風(West Wind), Lin Yutang also led as columnist for the English weekly ''The Little Critic'' in The China Critic中國評論週報. He's English essays from ''The Little Critic'' were soon compiled into a book. Then, his work swiftly found its way into French, published simultaneously in La Politique de Pékin (The Politics of Beijing, 1914-1940) and later as an offprint, titled L'Humour chinois ou Recueil d'essais, satires et esquisses (Chinese Humor: Essays, Satires, and Sketches). This paved the way for Lin Yutang's literary journey through Europe.
Many of Lin Yutang's English essays from the era of ''The Little Critic'' were subsequently reimagined in Chinese and published, marking a pivotal phase in his literary trajectory, as it signifies a distinct stage in his literary viewpoint and the formation of his prose writing style, still requires further in-depth examination. Furthermore, the process of translating ''The Little Critic'' into French has remained relatively understudied. Therefore, this paper focus on the genesis and translational journey of Lin Yutang's ''The Little Critic'' into French. Through the lens of Walter Benjamin's concept of ''panoramic literature'' (la littérature panoramique), it explores the global generation and transformation of the essay and sketch genres, aiming to delve into the multifaceted implications of Lin Yutang's ''The Little Critic'' born amidst the rapid flow of world cultures and the convergence of Eastern and Western intellectual currents in Shanghai. This study seeks to elucidate the shaping of modern Chinese prose aesthetics, the dual nature of translating China and imagining the world, and the representation of modernity, thus bridging the existing gaps in research.