從分類性類指到非分類性類指──以潮州方言的「□[hia53]」為例

From Taxonomic Kind-referring to Nontaxonomic Kind-referring: Hia53 in the Chaozhou Dialect

本文討論了潮州方言中「□[hia53]」的類指功能及其來源與演變。在當代潮州方言中，「□[hia53]」既可以用於分類性類指，也可以用於非分類性類指。借助19世紀潮州方言羅馬字文獻，文章論證了「□[hia53]」及其相對應的近指形式「者」分別是「許個」和「只個」的合音。合音之後，「□[hia53]」的功能由個體指演變為分類性類指，進而演變為非分類性類指。

This article discusses the origin and generic function of hia53 in the Chaozhou dialect. Hia53 can be used to express taxonomic kind-referring as well as nontaxonomic kind-referring. Based on Romanized documents of the Chaozhou dialect from the 19th century, the article proves that hia53 and its corresponding near-referential form者tsia53 were combined to form許個hi53 kai55-21 and只個tsi53 kai55-21 respectively. After this fusion, the referential function of hia53 developed from individual-referring to taxonomic kind-referring, and then further to nontaxonomic kindreferring.