諮商心理師於實務場域與社工師專業的合作與實踐：紮根理論之探究

Counseling Psychologists' Interprofessional Collaboration with Social Workers: An Exploration of Grounded Theory

本研究使用紮根理論，藉由訪談與社工師有合作經驗之諮商心理師，探究其實務經驗，希冀建構諮商心理師於實務場域與社工師專業合作之理論，共計18位諮商心理師參與本研究。本研究提出諮商心理師在實務場域與社工師合作的模式為「以個案福祉為導向之涵容諮商模式」。此模式指出諮商心理師與社工師的合作是以在實務場域中心理師與個案關係發展的脈絡為基礎，也是雙方因個案福祉而相互協商歷程；「個案福祉」不只是傳統諮商訓練強調個案本身的內在需求，更涵蓋系統性與脈絡性的專業考量。當諮商與社工跨專業合作時，共同討論先維護個案福祉有時是讓個案能確保人安全，或是穩定生活與學習環境為先。而在諮商心理師與個案的諮商歷程中，諮商心理師與社工師也會多次以案主最佳福祉充分討論。另，此模式包括諮商心理師個人期許、專業訓練、實務場域機構期待與政策實施等四面向。合作歷程為實務場域機構氛圍支持專業合作，以社工師轉介諮商師後持續溝通合作；或諮商心理師於合作中展現積極參與樣貌。歷程中諮商心理師無論是與社工師共同工作或是分立執行工作，皆是為了維護個案福祉。本研究希冀未來能以此對諮商心理師提供與社工專業合作之教育訓練，以做為專業合作知能之裝備。

This qualitative study used grounded theory to construct a theoretical model of interprofessional collaboration between counseling psychologists and social workers across practice settings. Eighteen counseling psychologists who worked in a school or community setting participated in this study. The study formulated what it calls the ''model of inclusive, client-centered counseling'' that is grounded in the dynamic interaction between counseling psychologists and social workers. This model describes the negotiation and discussion process that social workers and counseling psychologists participate in, driven by shared concerns for the wellbeing of clients. The model states that interdisciplinary collaboration between counseling psychologists and social workers is intertwined within the intersectional context and is constituted by four dimensions: individual aspirations, professional training, institutional expectations, and policy implementation. Individual aspirations refer to the aspirations or sense of calling that counseling psychologists feel toward their career. The participants stated that institutional expectations or attitudes were essential to their collaboration with social workers. Moreover, the participants reported that policy implementation facilitates collaboration among counseling psychologists and between them and social workers. Furthermore, collaboration was promoted by referral from the social workers, continuous communication, and cooperation encouraged by the institutional climate. Finally, the findings indicated that counseling psychologists' actions determined their preference for collaborating with social workers. Exchanging information and maintaining connections resulted in both groups of professionals working together, whereas a lack of connection or consideration for the different perspectives of social workers resulted in them working separately. Irrespective of whether they collaborated, counseling psychologists and social workers agreed that their objective was to protect their clients' welfare. The participants stated that interprofessional collaboration came with a learning curve. In general, the context-based theoretical structure of this study suggests that interprofessional collaboration requires contextual support from institutional encouragement and policy mandates. Secondly, interprofessional collaboration requires continuous communication throughout the collaboration process. Counseling psychologists can solidify their professional identities and experience professional growth by communicating with social workers and giving their professional opinion. Finally, counseling courses should teach interprofessional collaboration. We discuss the implications of our findings on counseling training, counseling psychologists' interprofessional collaboration practice, and future research.