清代「臺灣編查流寓」法規之歷史考察

“Registration on Migrants Regulations in Taiwan”:A Historical Investigation

「治臺政策」是清代臺灣史的核心議題，其論述架構源自於伊能嘉矩，基本上主張：17世紀晚期清朝降服明鄭後，經過短暫的棄留爭議，儘管仍決定將臺灣納入帝國版圖，卻無意積極治理，反而是環繞在防備地方可能的動亂，推行消極的治理政策。伊能還進一步引用《六部處分則例》中的「臺灣編查流寓」例，並強調清廷施行該例時曾附帶三項渡臺禁令，來支持自己的主張，形成一套具有論證、邏輯的說法，因而廣為研究者所徵引，甚至發展成為學界理解清代臺灣史的基礎架構。
本文重閱清代的法律書籍、官府檔案，重建編查流寓法規的制定及修訂過程，結論將闡明：就法令所欲達成的目標而言，被伊能視為主、附法令的「編查流寓」和「禁止攜眷」，其實彼此互為矛盾；我們與其將兩者看成是自清領伊始即推出的一套法令，倒不如說彼此有著辯證關係、先後施行。藉由法規的釐清，我們進而重新觀察清代治臺政策的演變，及其與臺灣社會發展之間的關係，為重新認識清代臺灣的社會、階段發展，甚至是臺灣史整體的架構，提出新的建議。

Governance policy has been a central focus of historical studies on Taiwan under Qing rule. Our general understanding of Qing Taiwan has largely been shaped by the discourse of InōKanori, who argued that the Qing Dynasty showed little interest in developing Taiwan. Despite gaining control of Taiwan after defeating the formidable rival Zheng regime, the Qing Dynasty did not rigorously govern the island and even considered abandoning it. In this political context, the primary objective of Qing policy in Taiwan was merely to prevent rebellions. To support his interpretation, Inōcites Taiwan biancha liuyu li (Regulations on Migrant Registration in Taiwan) in Liubu chufen zeli (Punishment Statutes of Six Ministries), claiming that the said regulations included three prohibitions on traveling to Taiwan. Seemingly coherent and evidence-based, Inō’s argument has been widely accepted and forms the basis for our understanding of Qing Taiwan.
Re-examining legal texts and government documents, this article reconstructs the formulation and revision of Taiwan biancha liuyu li, arguing that the regulation was inconsistent with the prohibition on traveling to Taiwan with dependents. Unlike Inō’s interpretation, which treats the two as interrelated laws enacted simultaneously in the early days of Qing rule, this article suggests interpreting them as regulations taking effect one after another in a dialectical relationship. By clarifying the legal framework, the article aims to reassess the changes in Qing policies on the governance of Taiwan and their relationship with society. This historical investigation is expected to lay the foundation for reinterpreting Taiwan’s society, stages of development, and the overarching structure of the island’s history in the long run.