離岸風電與漁業之衝突與調和：日本新潟縣和韓國新安郡協調機制分析

Balancing Offshore Wind Energy and Fisheries: A Comparative Analysis of Coordination Mechanisms in Niigata Prefecture, Japan, and Sin-an Gun, South Korea

近年來，亞太地區的風電新增裝置容量居於全球領先地位，占2021年全球離岸風電新增裝置容量的84%。然而，亞太各國在推動離岸風電建設的同時，也普遍面臨「多重使用衝突」的問題，尤其以漁業補償引發的爭議最為複雜。在處理離岸風電與漁業使用衝突方面，日本與韓國的經驗尤為重要。這兩個國家除了漁業補償的金錢補償機制之外，還採用多元的協調策略。因此，本文旨在探討日本與韓國如何以更多元和更具有包容性的協調機制來處理離岸風電與漁業衝突的問題。
在再生能源協調機制的相關研究中，「共同所有權」（Co-ownership）是作為協調衝突與增進利害關係人接受度的理論模式。本文以「共同所有權」為研究理論基礎，並以「日本新潟縣村上市及胎內市」和「韓國全羅南道新安郡」作為代表性案例，從「動機」、「權力平衡」、「強制的程度」與「計算的基礎」等四個分析角度，探討日本、韓國兩個案例的利益共享與協調機制之發展脈絡及形成的關鍵性因素。本文發現，日本新潟縣村上市與胎內市的「研究小組、協議會、基金會」以及韓國新安郡「利益共享、民官協議會」，均在關鍵利害關係人之間所進行的多重權力平衡過程中形成了協調機制。這兩個案例中協調機制的成功主要歸因於關鍵利害關係人具備充足的參與動機，在強制性的協調制度下實現了動態的權力平衡與共識，此外，利益分配必須建立在多方同意與公開透明的原則上，才能實現協調機制的成功運作。

In recent years, the Asia-Pacific region has taken the lead globally in wind power capacity additions, accounting for 84% of the global offshore wind power capacity added in 2021. However, the promotion of offshore wind power construction in various Asia-Pacific countries has faced the controversy of ''conflict of multiple uses'' with the coordination of fishery compensation disputes being the most complex. This study explores the possibility of establishing a new form of participation mechanism, in addition to the monetary compensation mechanism for fisheries, which integrates distributive justice, procedural justice, and trust-building. The aim is to create an environment of co-prosperity for offshore wind power and fishery.
In the context of research on renewable energy coordination mechanisms, ''Co-ownership'' serves as a theoretical model for coordinating conflicts and enhancing stakeholder acceptance. This study is based on the theoretical foundation of ''Co-ownership'' and selects representative cases from Murakamishi and Tainai-shi, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, and Sin-an Gun, Jeollanamdo, South Korea to explore the key factors in the development of the coordination mechanisms and benefit sharing arrangements in the two cases from four analytical perspectives: motivation, balance of power, the level of compulsion, and the basis of the calculation. This study finds that the formation of coordination mechanisms in Niigata Prefecture, Japan, and Sin-an Gun, South Korea, involves multiple power negotiations among key stakeholders. The success of the coordination mechanisms in both cases is attributed to the dynamic balance of power and consensus achieved by key stakeholders with sufficient motives within the enforceable coordination system, along with the principle of fair calculation and transparent benefit allocation.