《紅樓夢》中的男性死亡探析

Discussion of male characters’death in“Dream of the Red Chamber”

中國古典小說中的死亡情節屢見不鮮，如《水滸傳》中「晁蓋之死」引出宋江日後領導梁山泊的重要性；《金瓶梅》中「西門慶之死」說明欲望所帶來的生命毀滅。而在《紅樓夢》中，學者對於女性死亡課題亦多有討論，從研究成果來看，《紅樓夢》雖成於男性書寫者，然其文化心理與書寫內容卻反映出對女性的認同。本文歸結《紅樓夢》作者對死亡情節的描寫，其因有二：一為因「欲」而死，一為情節安排之必要所致。處理方式有詳有略，可見其藝術上的高明之處。前者可看出對生命的狂熱追求和人情色欲的盡情宣洩，客觀地表現出人欲對天理的衝決。至於欲望的體現，乃是顛覆性的，因而顯得齷齪不堪，終致生命的殞落。至於後者而言，為使小說情節得以發展，因此不得不犧牲某些作者心中的次要角色，以完成大局，這在女性死亡的描述中並未見到，也見其特殊之處。不論是哪種原因的死亡，男性在《紅樓夢》中的地位與價值，顯然不及女性。本文從不同的面相下，直探文本中男性死亡課題，除了對情節安排做一探析外，亦可從中補證《紅樓夢》作者對於男性的看法，以填補研究上的空白。

The plots of death are often seen in Chinese classic novels. For example, in the“Outlaws of the Marsh”, death of Chao Gai draws forth the importance of Song Jiang who lead the gang members in Liang Shanbo after he died. And in“Gold bottle plum”, the death of Xi Men-Qing shows that how one’s life can be destroy by his own desire. However, in“Dream of the red Chamber”, there are plenty discussions on female characters’death as well. From the result of the studies, even though“Dream of the red Chamber”was written by male, it’s culture mind and contents reflect the female recognition. The following work shows a different point of view, direct discuss on the topic of male characters’death. Besides analyze the story plots, it also confirms the thoughts for men of the author who wrote“Dream of the Red Chamber”in order to fill up the gap of the research.