規範性視野之下的法律史學

中國的法律史學缺乏對於規範性的深入思考；因而可能走向兩個極端：其一；強行援用現代法教義學的方法來對前現代的法律加以分析；其二；規避規範性的討論並退回到文史或社科的傳統裡面躲藏起來。因此；如何看待“事實與規範的二分”便成為法律史學需要面對的一個關鍵問題。在規範性的視野之下；法律史學的知識體系首先可以被理解為一個由“外部—內部”以及“一般—部門”的兩重分化搭建起來的基本框架；其次可以被理解為一個包含著由微觀而宏觀漸次變化的六個層級所組成的知識譜系。缺乏對於這一基本框架的自覺意識；以及缺乏對於這一知識譜系中某些層級的必要關注；皆有可能導致中國的法律史學陷於分裂和封閉的狀態。扭轉這一被動局面的契機在於提升法律史學的認識論水平；特別是強調現代法學的規範性思維對於法律史學的重要意義。

The study of legal history in China suffers from a lack of deep engagement with normativity, which may lead it to two extremes: on one hand, anachronistically applying methodologies of modern legal dogmatics to analyze pre-modern law; on the other hand, avoiding discussions of normativity by retreating into the traditions of literature, historiography, or social sciences. Consequently, addressing the dichotomy between“facts and norms”becomes an essential issue for legal history studies. From the perspective of normativity, the knowledge system of legal history can initially be understood as a fundamental framework constructed through a dual differentiation of“external—internal”and“general—sectoral”dimensions. Furthermore, it can be seen as comprising a spectrum of knowledge that includes six levels of analysis, ranging from micro to macro perspectives. A lack of awareness of this basic framework, as well as a deficiency in attention to certain levels within this knowledge spectrum, could potentially lead legal history studies in China into a state of fragmentation and isolation. The key to reversing this passive situation lies in enhancing the epistemological level of legal history studies in China, particularly by emphasizing the significance of normative thinking in modern jurisprudence for the study of legal history.