從五臺山到徑山：密藏道開與《嘉興藏》初期經場成立論考

From Mount Wutai to Mount Jingshan: Mizang Daokai and the Founding of the Early Printing Sites of the Jiaxing Canon

密藏道開主持開雕的方冊藏──亦即後世聞名之《嘉興藏》，在選擇刻經場所的初期，曾經遇到過不小的困難。後人熟知的方冊藏五臺山妙德庵經場，並不是在一開始唱緣時就定下來的。相反，那是道開禪師經過反覆溝通、妥協，綜合包括師長、護法檀越等各種人物意見之後，才得來的結果。入藏流傳之《密藏開禪師遺稿》上下卷，保存了方冊藏主持者密藏道開，於五臺山刻經時所作的不少書信，對還原當時整個時代、背景、機緣，有不可替代的作用，然學界至今對此未作太多深入研究。本文略引道開所作尺牘，證以同時代居士士大夫記載及相關傳世文獻，考察萬曆十四年至十六年間，方冊藏開雕之前及初期的錯綜關係，還原佛教史進程中的一小片真實現場，亦欲證明高僧大德荷擔大法之懿行，絕非泛泛之談。

The printing publication of the Book-format Canon (Fangce Zang), later known as the Jiaxing Canon, was presided over by the monk, Mizang Daokai. The publication process has met with various difficulties in finding a proper monastery to operate the task. It is recorded that the Miaode Temple on the Mount Wutai was known for the early monastery to publish this Canon, however, a more complete research shows that the real situation was more complicated. Miaode Temple was not the earliest candidate, rather, the final decision was made after a long period of communication and debate by the leading monastics and the donors. the Posthumous Manuscript of Chan Master Mizang Daokai includes letters written by Mizang Daokai, which preserve indispensable records regarding the historical process of the event of the printing of the Jiaxing Canon. This document has been overlooked by scholars; hence, this article aims to study it and collates other documents recorded by the literati contemporary to Mizang. The task of this article is to reconstruct the history between Year 14 to 16 of the Wanli Era that reveal the complex networking involved in the publication of the Jiaxing Canon, and to show the genuine efforts made by the monastics for spreading Buddha Dharma.