不為良相願為良醫：論洪邁《夷堅志》中的儒醫群象

Rather be a Good Physician than a Good Minister: on the Group Images of Confucian Physicians in Hong Mai's Yi Jian Zhi

《夷堅志》是宋代大儒洪邁所編纂的著作，其中不乏有社會現狀、官場實況、風尚習俗等方面的紀錄，影響深遠。有鑑於此，本文擬以書中醫者的故事作為文本，結合宋代醫療現場，以期還原宋代社會中獨特的「儒醫」文化。儒醫以「仁」作為核心概念，聯結儒者與醫者的角色，將「仁」和「尊德性」等儒家觀念帶入醫學中，建立「仁心」與「仁術」並重的標竿。 透過本研究，我們能夠感受儒醫的出現對宋代醫學所產生的積極作用，同時代表醫學正式脫離「技工」的範疇，並逐步建構出「醫者典範」。而身兼「醫者」、「儒士」雙重身份的洪邁，在編纂《夷堅志》的醫者故事時，也力圖形塑筆下醫者符合儒家道德要求，以展現他「醫乃仁術」的核心思想。

Yi Jian Zhi is a book compiled by Hong Mai, a great Confucian scholar in the Song Dynasty. In the book, there are many records about social status, officialdom, customs and their tendencies, which have being caused a far-reaching influence. In view of this, combined with the practical medical scenes at that time, this article intends to use the stories of Chinese medicine practitioners in the book as a text to restore the unique ''Confucianism'' culture in the Song Dynasty society. Confucianism takes ''theories of benevolence'' as the core concept, connecting the roles of Confucian and healer, integrating Confucian concepts such as '' theories of benevolence'' and ''respecting virtue'' into medicine, and establishing the emphasizing benchmark of both ''heart of benevolence'' and ''skill of benevolence.'' Through this research, we can feel the positive effect of the emergence of Confucianism on medicine in the Song Dynasty. At the same time, it represents the formal departure of medicine from the category of ''technician'' and gradually builds a new ''model of medicine.'' Hong Mai also has the dual identity of ''healer'' and ''Confucian scholar.'' When compiling the story of the healer in Yi Jian Zhi, he also wanted to configure a physician who was conformed to the moral requirements of Confucianism and to show his core idea of ''healing as theories of benevolence.''