敦煌俗文學的特色及傳播方式

The Characteristics and Spreading Ways of Dunhuang popular Literature

敦煌莫高窟藏經洞除發現大量佛教文獻外，還保存了變文、曲子詞、通俗詩……，豐富的俗文學作品，提供中國俗文學研究珍貴的一手材料。這些寫本保存著未經整理、編輯的原生態，儼然是唐五代俗文學的活化石。敦煌俗文學體類的多樣性，呈現體裁的多樣化、題材的大眾化、語言的通俗化等特色。敦煌俗文學的傳播及表演方式，以口頭及書面兼行，口頭傳播，受限於時間、空間、表演者及觀眾，表演者往往隨著時間、空間及觀眾，調整表演的方式，如表演空間從廟會到娛樂場所，表演的形式、題材也隨之產生變化；書面傳播，雖未受到時間、空間的限制，卻受限於「寫卷的傳抄」，如抄者的身分參差不齊、目的不同及抄本功用的差異性，造成寫本品質的優劣及數量的多寡。透過分析敦煌俗文學的特色及傳播方式，進而了解，敦煌地區俗文學的發展及地域性。

In addition to discovering a large number of Buddhist literature, the Buddhist scriptures at the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang also preserved Bianwen（變文）, Folksong Ci（曲子詞）, and popular poems. It is rich in popular literary works and provides precious first-hand material for the study of Chinese popular literature. These Dunhuang documents preserve the unedited and edited original ecology, and are like the living fossils of the Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms popular literature. The style of Dunhuang's popular literature is diverse, showing the diversity of genres, the popularity of themes, and the popularization of language. The methods of dissemination and performance of Dunhuang's popular literature are oral and written and oral. They are limited by time, space, performers and audiences. Performers often adjust their performance with time, space and audience, such as performance space. From the temple festival to entertainment venues, the form and subject matter of the performance also changed. Written dissemination, although not restricted by time, space, and objects, was subject to the“copying of written volumes”, such as the uneven identity of the copy, the purpose The difference between the different and the transcript function, resulting in the quality of the book and the number of quality.