近文化殖民的效應——台灣日治時代的「七夕」風俗面貌

The Colonial Effects in the Similar Culture–Taiwan's Japanese Era of“Tanabata”Customs Appearance

日本是長期受到中華文化影響的國家，1895年當其統領以中國閩、粵移民為主體的臺灣，也就是在眾多文化現象（例如社會倫理、節慶風俗），具有相同的文化淵源，卻有各有發展差異的社會，究竟會產生什麼樣的效應？而臺灣的居民在面對這樣一個具有相近傳說與文化風俗的殖民者，又將如何自處？的確是一個值得關注的議題。而本文將以臺、日兩方都看重的「七夕」風俗為探討對象，透過《臺灣日日新報》、《臺灣民報》等日治時代報刊，以及各類學校教科書、教學手冊、紀念冊等關於「七夕」傳說與各項活動的記載，並輔以耆老訪談記錄，先從「舊慣調查」到節令傳說與習俗的詮解，論述殖民當局如何「借力同俗」，在共同的節令，相近的傳說與風俗中，強化其自身所看重的部分；接著再由七娘媽生與笹飾祈福共存的風俗變貌，探討社會實際產生諸多「異俗並置」現象的情況與意義。使這個特殊時空環境中，何以產生「近文化殖民效應」的面貌？能經由「七夕」傳說與風俗的探究，得到合理的顯示與說明。

Japan is a country that has long been influenced by Chinese culture. When Taiwan, with immigrants from China, Fujian and Guangdong as its residents, became a Japanese colony in 1895. Many different but similar cultures meet, what exactly will produce? At that time, how would the Taiwanese, in the face of such a colonialist with similar legends and cultural customs, become self-employed? It is indeed a topic of concern. Therefore, this article will focus on the ''Tanabata (Chixì)'' custom, which both Taiwan and Japan value, as the object of study. Through the newspapers and periodicals in Japanese era, as well as various school textbooks, teaching manuals and commemorative books on the ''Tanabata'' legend and various activities, and supplemented by the elderly interview. First of all, from the ''old customary investigation'' to the interpretation of festival fables and customs, we will discuss how the colonial authorities ''lend their force and common customs'' and strengthen their own valued parts in common festivals and similar legends and customs. Then, from the customs and transformations of the child care goddess and bamboo decorations, this article explores the conditions and significance of the many phenomena of ''juxtaposition and misplacement'' in society. In this special space-time environment, why does it have the appearance of ''the colonial effects in the similar culture ''? Through the ''Tanabata'' legend and customs inquiry, get a reasonable display and description.