論唐傳奇〈杜子春〉中的幻境及其意涵——以丹道中的象徵解析

Probe Into the Meaning of Illusion in Tang Legend 〈Du Zi Chun〉–by the History、Ritual Process and Construction Analysis in Dantao Practice

唐傳奇〈杜子春〉承襲〈烈士池〉的原型架構，在一系列不同變異的相關故事中最被人重視，其中人物與情節的描述細膩，夾雜當時許多中國的社會文化思維。其中最重要的莫過於「煉丹」此一主軸，煉丹修煉中儀式與個人關係，實是推進故事的關鍵之鑰。據此，本文將先論述丹道中內、外丹的思考與〈杜子春〉之關係；其二，推論故事中幻境場景的試煉意義與儀式理論中閾限階段的相關性；其三，談故事煉丹儀式中重要的禁語條件及其背後深刻的不動心意義，經由佛教的假名我執與道教化仙修煉的宗教衝擊後，如何藉由故事中顯示出深刻的語言與意識反思；其四，循著丹道坎離（水火）互化的脈絡下，證成故事中水與火是反映著杜子春的幻境與意志，並藉由水連結上鏡，分析其在道教思維中的試煉意涵，以及內丹火候所隱喻的堅忍意志，如何推進故事。

Tang Legends 〈Du Zi Chun〉 which adopted the archetypes of 〈Lie Shi Chi〉 has got the most attention among series of relevance stories with different variation. The description of character and plot is delicacy and is full of Chinese culture at that time. The most important of all is that the story takes the Alchemy as a main content. Previous researchers focused more either on the meaning of the plot or on religion which are apt to discuss about carrying forward humanity or failing to become immortal in spite of the fact that the key element to move story forward is the relationship between the ritual process of Alchemy and individual. Therefore, this article would first discuss the relationship between 〈Du Zi Chun〉 and Neidan and Waidan and individual. Second, we would infer the relationship between the meaning of the illusory scene trial and limen stage in Ritual Theory. Third, how those important taboos in the ritual of Alchemy affected by both Buddism and Daolism and reveal profound introspection. Fourth, follow the ideas of Dantao Kan Li (fire and water)compound to justify the fire and water reflect exactly the illusion and will of Du Zi Chun. Finally analyze both the meaning of trial in Daolism by connecting water and mirror and how the fire of Neidan which implies strong will propels the story. This article explains the scene and plot of the story, clarifies the relevance between the development of Dantao and practice and finally concludes by the thought of practice of Dantao of China itself. Take Du Zi Chun was reborn as a girl for example, we could explain it by the concept of Dantao Kan Li. This article is to show the story, 〈Du Zi Chun〉's prosperous development in different levels such as Contemporary Mythology, Philosophy of Language, Ritual Theory…etc.