越南文化中的關公研究

The cult of Guan Gong in Vietnam

關公是中國傳統文化中的一位英雄，從陳壽的《三國志》人生忠義象徵人物走進羅觀忠《三國演義》就成為福神。隨著中華儒家文化在越南的傳播，關公崇拜慢慢成為尚義的越南人的一種信仰。早在十七世紀，越南中央封建家族正式承認與接受本信仰，從此以後關公信仰走進越南官方文化的殿堂，成為忠、勇、義等美德的象徵。 兩種風格在越南文化中雙存，互動建造越南近當代社會中的尚義精神。經過千難萬苦的抗法戰爭、抗美戰爭，以關公為象徵的精神十分弘揚，有助於建造越南人民總體力量。在一定的程度上，關公成為多民族文化交流的一種象徵。本論文探討關公信仰傳入越南的道路，關公信仰在越南文化中的戰線、內容及其特徵。

T Guan Gong has been a Chinese hero who was depicted as an brave warrior in San Guo Zhi (Three Kingdoms) by Chen Shou (233 – 297) and then officialized as a God of Benevolence in San Guo Yan Yi (Romance of The Three Kingdoms) by Luo Guanzhong at Ming Dynasty. Together with the spread of Chinese Confucian culture in Vietnam, Guan Gong worship has slowly become a faith by Vietnamese mandarins, scholars and loyalists. As early as the seventeenth century, the Vietnamese feudal family formally recognized and accepted this belief; therefore, the cult of Guan Gong has officially rooted into Vietnamese mandarin culture. He has been the cultural symbol of loyalty, bravery, rightaeousness and other virtues. At the end of the 17th century, the Southern Chinese immigrants arrived and settled down in Vietnam nationwide, the South Chinese style of Guan Gong belief added its impacts into Vietnamese culture. Two styles co-exist and interact mutually to build up the pre-modern and modern Vietnamese spirit of rightaeousness. After the long-lasting resistant wars against the French and the American in the early and the middle of 20th century, Guan Gong spirit was greatly promoted and developed, which has created the whole power of the Vietnamese people. In a certain extent, Guan Gong has become a symbol of multi-ethnic cultural exchanges. This paper examines the introduction of Guan Gong belief in Vietnam, the current situation and manifestation of Guan Gong belief, its content and characteristics in the context of Vietnamese contemporary culture.